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SHORT  SENTENCES 


PRACTICE  IN  WRITING  LATIN. 


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iFor  Students  in  Caesar's  (Gallic  Mux. 

SECOND  EDITION,   ENLARGED,  WITH  NOTES. 
BY 

MOSES     GRANT     DANIELL, 

MASTER  IN  THE  ROXBURY  LATIN  SCHOOL,  BOSTON. 

JOHN  S.  PRELL 

Civil  &  Mechanical  Engineer. 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  OAL. 


IVISON,  BLAKEMAN,  TAYLOR,  AND  COMPANY, 
NEW  YORK   AND  CHICAGO. 


Copyright,  1882, 
By  IVISON,  BLAKEMAN,  TAYLOR,  &  CO. 


1  Ml 


GIFT 


PREFACE,    ^ch^tj, 

The  first  edition  of  "  Short  Sentences  "  was  printed  a  few 
years  ago  mainly  for  use  in  the  Roxbury  Latin  School.  Al- 
though it  was  never  published  or  advertised,  it  has  neverthe- 
less found  its  way  into  several  other  schools ;  and  those 
teachers  who  have  used  it  speak  highly  of  its  value  to  them. 

The  present  edition,  much  larger  than  the  first,  carries  the 
work  through  the  whole  of  the  first  book  of  the  "  Gallic 
War,"  and  has  in  addition  nine  pages  of  Notes.  The  ob- 
ject of  the  work,  I  need  hardly  say,  is  to  give  the  pupil  a 
considerable  amount  of  practice  in  turning  English  into 
Latin  with  the  classic  models  directly  before  hint,  and  recip- 
rocally to  aid  him  in  the  translation  of  the  text  of  Caesar  into 
good  English.  It  is  hoped  that  in  both  directions  the  notes 
will  be  found  a  valuable  auxiliary.  They  are  not  grammati- 
cal, strictly  speaking,  except  in  a  few  instances.  They  may 
rather  be  called  idiomatical.  I  believe  that  all  teachers  will 
acknowledge  the  value  of  this  kind  of  help  to  the  student 
of  any  foreign  language. 

To  Mr.  W.  C.  Collar,  Head  Master  of  the  school,  I  am 

indebted  for  many  valuable  suggestions  while  preparing  the 

present  work  for  the  press. 

M.  G.  DANIELL. 
Roxbury  Latin  School, 

January,  1882. 

723 


SHORT    SENTENCES 


CESAR'S    GALLIC    WAR. 


BOOK    I. 


CHAPTER    I. 

i.  The  Gauls  were  called  Celts  in  their  own  language. 
2.  The  Belgians  inhabited  the  third  part  of  Gaul.  3.  Two 
parts  of  Gaul  were  inhabited  by  Aquitanians  and  Celts.  4. 
The  languages  of  Gaul  were  different  from  each  other  x  in 
many  respects.2  5.  Aquitania  is  very  far  off  from  Rome. 
6.  All  these  [men]  are  very  brave.  7.  The  Belgians  are 
much  braver  than  the  Aquitanians.  8.  The  Sequana  River 
is  called  "  Seine  "  in  the  French  {Francogallicus)  language. 
9.  The  Marne  is  not  far  off  from  the  Seine.  10.  Civiliza- 
tion and  refinement  are  characteristics 3  of  the  province. 

11.  These  things  weaken  the  mind.  12.  The  Germans 
were  very  near  the  Gauls.  13.  They  used  to  wage  war  with 
them  incessantly.  14.  The  Helvetians,  who  lived  beyond 
Lake  Geneva,  surpassed  the  rest  of4  the  Gauls  in  courage. 
15.  To  whom  did  traders  very  seldom  resort1?  16.  5  Did 
they  import  those  things  which  weaken  the  mind  ?  [No.] 
17.  With  whom  shall  we  wage  war?  18.  Did  not  the  rest 
of  the  Gauls  surpass  the  Helvetians  in  courage?     19.  With 


2  SHORT  SENTENCES  FOR 

whom  did  the  Helvetians  contend  in  almost  daily  battles? 
With  the  Germans.  20.  We  will  keep  the  Germans  away 
from  our  territories  and  wage  war  in  their  territories. 

21.  The  Gauls  hold  one  part  of  these.  22.  I  have  said 
that  the  Gauls  hold6  one  part  of  these.  23.  Caesar  says  that 
one  part  begins  at 7  the  River  Rhine.  24.  One  part,  which 
is  bounded  by  the  Garonne,  the  ocean,  and  8  the  territories 
of  the  Belgians,  is  called  Aquitania.  25.  The  Belgians  in- 
habit that  part  of  Gaul  which  extends  towards  the  lower  part 
of  the  Rhine.  26.  Aquitania  is  bounded  on  one  side  9  by 
the  Pyrenees  Mountains.  27.  What  part  of  the  ocean  is 
near  Spain?  28.  Aquitania  is  very  near  to  Spain.  29..  Caesar 
says  that  Aquitania  looks  between  sunset  and  the  Dipper. 
30.  The  lower  part  of  the  Rhine  is  inhabited  by  the  Belgians. 

CHAPTER   2. 

I.  The  Helvetians  are  noble  and  wealthy.  2.  Is  not  Or- 
getorix  the  noblest  among  the  Helvetians?  3.  Orgetorix  is 
far  nobler  than  the  rest  of1  the  Helvetians.  4.  When  Mes- 
sala  and  Piso  were  consuls,  the  [people  of  the]  state  went 
out  of  their  boundaries  with  all  their  forces.  5.  A  conspiracy 
of  the  nobility,  was  made  by  Orgetorix.  6.  Can  you2  per- 
suade me  to  make3  a  conspiracy?  7.  Orgetorix  persuaded 
the  nobility  to  make  a  conspiracy.  8.  The  nobility  were 
persuaded4  by  Orgetorix  to  make  a  conspiracy.  9.  The 
Helvetians  surpass  everybody  in  courage.  10.  It  is  very  easy 
to  surpass  everybody  in  courage. 

II.  I  have^got  possession  of  the  command  of  Gaul.  12. 
Orgetorix  persuaded  me  to  this  course  5  very  easily.  13.  He 
persuaded  me  the6  more  easily  because  I  surpass  Piso  in 
courage.  14.  The  river  Rhine  bounds  the  Helvetians  on 
one  side.  15.  The  Rhine  is  very  broad  and  very  deep.  16. 
The  Helvetian  territory  is  separated  from  the  Germans  by 


PRACTICE  IN   WRITING  LATIN.  3 

the  Rhine.  1 7.  The  Rhine,  which  is  a  deep  river,  is  also  a 
broad  one.7  18.  When  Orgetorix  was  king,8  Mount  Jura 
was  very  high.  19.  Our  province  is  separated  from  the 
Helvetians  by  the  Rhone.  20.  On  the  third  side  9  Helvetia 
is  bounded  by  Lake  Geneva. 

21.  The  Helvetians  wander  less  widely  than  the  rest  of 
the  Gauls.  22.  We  can  easily  levy  war  upon  our  neighbors. 
23.  It  resulted  from  these  circumstances  IO  that  they  were 
affected  with  great  sorrow.  24.  In  proportion  to "  their 
narrow  limits  they  had  a  great  multitude  of  men.  25.  I 
think  that  the  Helvetians  were  I2  men  fond  of  fighting.  26. 
Have  you  very  narrow  limits?  27.  It  resulted  from  these 
circumstances  that  they  thought  they  had13  narrow  limits. 
28.  Considering14  their  renown  in  war,  they  are  affected 
with  great  sorrow.  29.  Their  territories  extend  one  hun- 
dred and  seventy-five  miles  in  width.1 5  30.  Who  can  levy 
war  upon  his  neighbors  ? 


CHAPTER  3. 

1.  Orgetorix  influenced  the  Helvetians  by  his  authority. 
2.  Wagons  and  pack-cattle  were  got  ready  for  the  expedi- 
tion.1 3.  They  bought  up  a  large  number  of  wagons.  4. 
Those  things  which  belonged  to  the  expedition  were  pre- 
pared. 5.  Peace  and  friendship  were  established  with  the 
neighboring  states.  6.  An  abundance  of  grain  was  in  store 
on  the  march.  7.  Are  you  led  by  these  considerations?2  8. 
Let  us  sow 3  as  much  land  as  possible.4  9.  They  did  these 
things  in  order  to  establish5  peace  with  the  states.  10.  Will 
you  buy  up  the  largest  possible  number  of  wagons? 

n.  Orgetorix  completed  these  preparations6  in  two  years. 
12.  I  think  that  three  7  years  are  enough  for  me  for  estab- 
lishing peace.8  13.  They  chose  Orgetorix  for  completing 
these  preparations.     14.  I  will  take  upon  myself  the  embassy 


4  SHORT  SENTENCES  FOR 

to  the  Romans.  15.  We  will  persuade  Casticus  to  seize  the 
kingdom.  16.  The  senate  called  the  father  of  Casticus  a 
friend.  17.  I  will  seize  the  kingdom  which  my  father  has  held 
before.     18.  Who  can  persuade  you  to  seize  the  kingdom? 

19.  Let  us  choose  9  Casticus  for  undertaking JO  an  embassy. 

20.  O  Casticus,  was  not  Orgetorix  chosen  during  that  journey  ? 
21.  Is  not  Dumnorix,  Divitiacus's  brother,  acceptable  to 

the  common  people?  22.  You  who  are  acceptable  to  me 
undertook  the  same  thing.  23.  Who  will  give  me  his 
daughter  in  marriage?11  24.  Orgetorix  persuaded  Dum- 
norix  to  give  him  his12  daughter.  25.  Can  you  persuade 
me  to  give  you  my  daughter?  26.  Who  holds  the  su- 
premacy in  your  state  at  this  time?  27.  It  is  a  very  easy 
thing  to  do  to  hold  the  supremacy.  28.  I  am  going  to 
accomplish13  my  undertaking.  29.  Dumnorix  persuaded 
Casticus  to  accomplish  his  undertaking.  30.  He  said  that 
he  was  about  to  obtain  the  command  of  his  own  state. 

31.  It  is  not  doubtful  but  that  I  shall  obtain  the  govern- 
ment. 32.  It  was  not  doubtful  but  that  I  should  obtain  the 
government.  33.  The  Helvetians  are  the  most  powerful  of 
all  Gaul.  34.  This  speech  induced  them  to  exchange  oaths.14 
35.  Who  can  gain  possession  of  all  Gaul?  36.  Can  you 
gain  possession  of  my  daughter?  37.  Three  very  powerful 
Helvetians  exchange  oaths.  38.  Having  conciliated  the 
army/s  he  obtained  the  kingdom.  39.  It  is  not  doubtful 
but  that  they  were  led  by  this  speech.  40.  I  can  prove  to 
you  that  they  were  led  by  this  speech. 

CHAPTER  4. 

1.  Orgetorix  was  compelled  to  plead  his  cause  in  chains.1 
2.  According  to  our  custom  we  will  compel  you  to  plead 
your  cause.  3.  If  you  are  condemned,  punishment  must 
follow.2     4.  Orgetorix  was  not  burned  [to  death]  with  fire. 


PRACTICE  IN  WRITING  LATIN.  5 

5.  You  must  be  burned  with  fire.  6.  A  day  was  appointed  for 
pleading 3  his  cause.  7.  Ten  thousand  men  were  collected 
together  at  the  trial.4  8.  He  had  a  very  large  number 
of  clients  and  debtors.  9.  Orgetorix  and  all  his  house- 
hold were  conducted  to  the  same  place.  10.  By  means  of 
these  [men]  we  fescue  ourselves  from  being  burned.5 

1 1 .  On  account  of  this  act  the  state  attempted  to  assert 
its  right  by  force  of  arms.  12.  Orgetorix  will  attempt  to 
assert  his  right.  13.  A  multitude  of  men  were  collected 
by  the  magistrates.  14.  I  think  that  Orgetorix  died.  15. 
When  Orgetorix  was  dying,6  suspicion  was  aroused.  16.  The 
Helvetians  think  that  he  committed  suicide.7  1 7.  There  is 
no  doubt  but  that  he  committed  suicide.  18.  Suspicion  is 
not  wanting  that  he  was  burned.  19.  Are  you  going  to8 
commit  suicide?  20.  Let  us  collect  a  multitude  of  men 
from  the  country. 

CHAPTER   5. 

I .  We  will  attempt  to  do  what *  we  have  resolved  upon, 
[namely]  to  go2  forth  from  our  territories.  2.  The  Hel- 
vetians will   none   the   less   go  forth  from  their  territories. 

3.  We  think  that  we   are   prepared   for  that   undertaking.3 

4.  We  have  set  fire  to  all  our  walled  towns,  six  in  number. 

5.  We  are  going  to  carry  with  us  all  our  grain,  except 
what  we  have  burnt  up.  6.  We  have  taken  away  all  hope 
of  returning4  home.  7.  We  are  very  well  prepared5*  to 
undergo  all  dangers.  8.  We  think  that  we  have  taken  away 
all  hope  of  a  return.  9.  We  have  attempted  to  do  this  in 
order  to  take  away  the  hope  of  a  return.  10.  Are  you  ready 
for  this  undertaking? 

I I .  We  shall  carry  from  home  provisions  [ready]  ground 
for  four  months.6  12.  Each  man  was  ordered  to  carry  from 
home  his  own7  provisions.  13.  We  have  persuaded  the 
Tulingi  to  set  out  with   us.     14.  They  adopted   the    same 


6  SHORT  SENTENCES  FOR 

plan  and  burned  8  down  their  villages.  15.  Will  you  adopt 
the   same  plan?     16.  We  used  to  live  beyond  the  Rhine. 

17.  Who   crossed   the    Rhine  and   laid   siege  to    Noreia? 

18.  We  will  receive  to  ourselves  the  Boh.-  19.  Can  you 
persuade  me  to  burn  down  my  house?  20.  Who  persuade 
the  Boii  to  lay  siege  to  Noreia? 


CHAPTER  6. 

I.  We  can  go  out  from  home  by  two  routes.  2.  Between 
the  mountain  and  the  river  they  dragged  wagons  one  at  a 
time  *  with  difficulty.  3.  It  is  difficult  to  drag  wagon's  one 
at  a  time.  4.  The  mountain  is  so 2  high  that  we  can  easily 
prevent  a  passage.3  5.  By  the  other  route  they  could  very 
easily  go  out  from  home.  6.  What  can  be  easier  than  this 
route?  7.  Are  not  these  two  routes  much  easier?  8.  Was 
not  the  Rhine  fordable 4  in  two  places?  9.  A  very  high 
mountain  overhangs  the  river.  10.  The  first  route  is  nar- 
rower than  the  second. 

I I .  Geneva  is  very  near  the  territories  of  the  Allobroges. 

12.  The  Rhone  was  crossed  by  a  bridge  near  this  town. 

13.  I  think  we  can  persuade  the  Helvetians  to  go.  14.  The 
Allobroges  do  not  seem  to  have  a  friendly  disposition5 
towards   us.     15.     I   think   I    shall    persuade   you    to   go. 

.16.  Allow  me  to  go  through  your  fields.  17.  They  think 
they  can  compel  us  by  force.  18.  They  did  compel  them 
to  allow  them6  to  go.  19.  They  made  every  preparation 7 
for  their, departure.  20.  Let  us  all  assemble  on  that  day 
at 8  the  bank  of  the  Rhone. 


CHAPTER   7. 

1 .  When    Caesar    had    arrived    at  ■    Geneva,    word   was 
brought2  to  him  that  they  had  set  out  from  the  city.     2.  Let 


PRACTICE  IN  WRITING  LATIN.  7 

us  endeavor  to  march  through  further  Gaul.  3.  Caesar  had 
hastened  by  forced  marches  to  reach3  Geneva.  4.  I  will 
give  orders  to  the  province  to  furnish4  the  greatest  pos- 
sible number  of  soldiers.  5.  The  soldiers  of  the  whole 
province  marched  through  Gaul.  6.  Caesar  ordered  one 
legion  to  remain  in  Geneva.  7.  He  cut  down  the  bridge 
that  was  near  Geneva.  8.  Can  you  cut  down  a  large  num- 
ber of  bridges?  9.  Have  you  informed5  the  Helvetians  of 
Caesar's  arrival?  10.  The  noblest  men  of  the  state  were 
sent  as  ambassadors  to  him. 

n.  It  is  my  intention 6  to  march  through  the  province. 

12.  Isn't  it  your  intention  to  send  ambassadors  to  Caesar? 

13.  We  go  through  the  province  because  we  have  no  other 
way.  14.  I  beg  that  we  may  do 7  this  with  your  permission. 
15.  They  said  they  had  no  other  way.  16.  Caesar  said  they 
might  do  this  with  his  permission.  17.  May  I  do8  it  with 
your  permission?  18.  Let  us  send  ambassadors  to  say 9 
that  they  may  do  it.  19.  Lucius  Cassius's  army  was  con- 
quered and  sent  under  the  yoke.  20.  Do  you  remember IO 
that  I  was  conquered  by  Cassius  ? 

21.  Will  the  opportunity  of  marching  through  the  prov- 
ince be  granted  to  me?  22.  Do  you  think  the  Helvetians 
will  refrain  from  injury?  23.  I  think  they  will  march 
through  the  province  without  injury.  24.  I  have  ordered  " 
soldiers  to  assemble.  25.  That  time  may  elapse,  till  the 
soldiers  have  assembled, I2  I  will  take  five  days  for  delibera- 
tion. 26.  If  you  want  any  thing,  come  back  on  the  25th 
of  March.  27.  If  you  don't  want  any  thing,  let  the  sol- 
diers assemble.  28.  If  you  wish  to  take  a  day  for  delibera- 
tion, you  may.13  29.  If  I  should  want I4  anything,  I  would 
return  I4  on  the  first  of  April.  30.  If  he  had  wanted  any 
thing,  he  would  have  returned. 


SHORT  SENTENCES  FOR 


CHAPTER   8. 


i.  I  have  ten  legions  with  me.  2.  Lake  Geneva  flows 
into  the  Rhone  near  Mount  Jura.  3.  The  Rhone' sepa- 
rates the  territories  of  the  Helvetians  from  the  Sequanians. 

4.  Let  us  extend  a  wall  fifteen  feet  high  x  for  eleven  miles. 

5 .  When  I  have 2  completed  this  wall,  I  will  station  my  guards. 

6.  I  will  also  fortify  redoubts,  that  I  may  the  more  easily 
intercept  the  enemy.  7.  They  were  attempting  to  cross 
against  my  will.  8.  It  will  not  be  very  easy  to  cross  if  I  am 
unwilling.3  9.  I  think  I  shall  intercept  the  enemy.  10.  I 
think  the  enemy  will  be  intercepted. 

1 1 .  Caesar  was  not  able  to  grant  a  passage  through  the 
province  to  any  one.  12.  He  said  that  the  day  had  not 
arrived.4  13.  He  says  that  the  ambassadors  have  not  re- 
turned. 14.  If  you  attempt5  to  use  force,  I  will  prevent 
you.  15.  They  said  that  they  would  not  use  force.  16. 
Some  used  force,  and  others  6  built  rafts.  1 7.  The  Helve- 
tians said  that  they  were  not  disappointed  in  7  this  hope. 
18.  Could  they  not  have  forced8  a  passage?  19.  They  said 
that  they  could  not  force  a  passage.  20.  Caesar  says  that 
they  were  repelled  by  the  soldiers'  weapons. 

CHAPTER  9. 

1 .  If  the  Sequanians  are  unwilling,  we  can  not  go  through 
the  pass.  2.  Caesar  says  that  one  route  was  left.  3.  Since 
I  can  not  persuade  you,  I  will  persuade  Caesar.  4.  Could 
the  Helvetians  persuade  the  Sequanians?  5.  Did  they  gain 
their  request1  from  the  Sequanians?  6.  Dumnorix  has 
great  influence2  among  the  ^Eduans.  7.  Whose  daughter 
did  he  marry?3  8.  Caesar  says  that  he  married  Orgetorix's 
daughter.  9.  He  also  says  that  he  was  a  friend  to  the  Hel- 
vetians. 10.  I  can  not  persuade  the  Helvetians  to  send 
ambassadors. 


PRACTICE  IN  WRITING  LATIN.  9 

11.  Is  not  Orgetorix  desirous  of  a  revolution?4  12.  Sev- 
eral states  are  bound  to  me  through  my  kindness.  13.  I 
want  to  have  as  many  states  as  possible.  14.  Accordingly 
the  business  5  was  undertaken  by  Dumnorix.  15.  We  will 
allow  the  Helvetians  to  pass  through  our  boundaries.  16. 
Let  us  exchange  hostages.6  17.  Let  not  the  Sequanians 
hinder  us  from  the  journey.  18.  The  Helvetians  will  not 
give  hostages  to  the  Sequanians.  19.  I  can  bring  it  about 
that  the  Sequanians  shall  give  hostages  to  the  Helvetians. 
20.  Will  you,  O  Helvetians  and  Sequanians,  exchange  hos- 
tages ? 

CHAPTER   10. 

I.  What  did  the  Helvetians  intend1  to  do?  2.  Word 
was  brought  to  Caesar  that  they  intended  to  march  into  the 
province.  3.  It  is  attended2  with  great  danger  to  the 
province  to  have  the  Helvetians  for  neighbors.  4.  If  you 
should  do  this,  I  would  put  Labienus  in  command 3  of  the 
province.  5.  Caesar  knows  that  warlike  men  will  be  hostile 
to  the  Romans.  6.  What  fortification  was  Labienus  put  in 
command  of  ?  7.  Let  us  hasten  into  Italy  by  forced 
marches.  8.  For  these  reasons  Labienus  intends  to  enroll 
three  legions.  9.  Labienus,  will  you  lead  out  your  army 
from  winter  quarters?  10.  He  had  been  wintering  in  fur- 
ther Gaul. 

II.  Five  legions  were  marching  into  Gaul  by  the  shortest 
route.4  12.  In  the  Alps  higher  positions  were  seized  by  the 
Caturiges.  13.  Can  you,  O  ye  Graioceli,  prevent  Caesar's 
army  from  the  march?  14.  Will  you  even 5  attempt  to  seize 
higher  positions  ?  15.  Caesar  thinks  he  can  defeat  you  in  one 
battle.6  16.  I  think  you  will  be  defeated  in  several  battles. 
17.  On  the   seventh  day  we   arrived  7  at   Ocelum.     18.  I 

.think  we  arrived  there8  at  that  time.  19.  He  led  his  army 
torn  the  Segusiani  to  the  AUobroges.  20.  From  the  hither 
province  he  arrived  in  the  further  province  on  the  third  day. 


IO  SHORT  SENTENCES  FOR 


CHAPTER   ii. 

i.  The  forces  of  the  Helvetians  had  been  led  through 
the  passes.  2.  Since  I  can  not  defend  myself,  I  will  send 
ambassadors  to  Caesar.  3.  Since  we  could  not  defend  our- 
selves from  them,  we  sent  ambassadors  to  Caesar  to  ask  for 
help.  4.  [Express  the  last  clause  in  three  ways.]  5.  We 
have  so  deserved  of  the  Romans  that  our  towns  ought *  not 
to  be  devastated  by  them.  6.  Our  fields  have  been  devas- 
tated almost  in  sight  of  the  army.  7.  Have  not  our  chil- 
dren been  led  into  slavery?  8.  They  said  that  their  children 
had  been  led  into  slavery.  9.  At  the  same  time  Caesar  was 
informed  that  the  Ambarri  did  not  easily  keep  the  violence 
of  the  enemy  from  their  towns.  10.  I  will  inform  you 
(plu.)  that  our  fields  have  been  devastated. 

it.  At  the  same  time  with  Caesar,2  Labienus  also,  Caesar's 
kinsman,  was  laying  waste  their  towns.  "12.  We  have  noth- 
ing left3  except  our  villages.  13.  I  will  show  that  I  have 
nothing  left  except  my  fields.  14.  I  think  we  ought  to 
wait4  until  Caesar  arrives5  among  the  Santoni.  15.  All 
the  fortunes  of  our  allies  are  wasting  away.6  16.  My  son, 
betake  yourself  to  Caesar.  17.  Labienus,  inform  Caesar  that 
you  will  not  wait.  18.  Caesar,  inform  Labienus  that  he 
must  wait.7  19.  Will  Caesar  be  influenced  by  these  things? 
20.  All  the  fortunes  of  the  Santoni  have  been  used  up. 


CHAPTER   12. 

1.  Can  you  tell l  by  the  eye  in  which  direction  2  the  Arar 
flows?  2.  The  Helvetians  were  able  to  cross  the  Arar  on 
rafts.  3.  Caesar  was  informed  that  one  part  of  their  forces 
had  been  led  over  the  river.  4.  Did  not  the  Helvetians 
hide  in  3  the  neighboring  forests'?  5.  When  they  had  killed 
Cassius,  they  sent  his  army  under  the  yoke.     6.  Who  killed 


PRACTICE  IN  WRITING  LATIN.  n 

Cassius  and  sent  his  army  under  the  yoke?  7.  A  large  part 
of  them  being  cut  to  pieces,  the  rest  took  flight.4  8.  That 
canton  which 5  killed  the  consul  was  called  Tigurinus.  9. 
Piso.  the  lieutenant  was  killed  in  the  same  battle  with  6  Cas- 
sius. 10.  O  Caesar !  avenge  not  only  your  private  wrongs, 
but  also  those  of  the  state.7 


CHAPTER    13. 

1.  I  will  have1  a  bridge  built  over  the  Arar.  2.  Can 
Caesar  overtake  the  Helvetians?  3.  Are  you  alarmed  be- 
cause I  crossed  the  river  in  five  days?  4.  Let  us  send 
ambassadors  to  Divico,  who  is  a  general  of  the  Helvetians. 
5.  If  the  Romans  will  make  peace  with  the  Helvetians,  the 
latter 2  will  go  where  the  former 2  wish  them  to.3  6.  Re- 
member that  old  defeat.  7.  You  attacked  us  when  our 
friends  could  not  render  us  assistance.  8.  Do  not 4  attrib- 
ute that  to  your  own  courage,  or  despise  us.  9.  We  have 
so  learned  from  our  forefathers  that  we  do  not  rely  upon 
treachery.  10.  Do  not 4  allow  the  place  where  we  stand  to 
take  5  its  name  from  the  slaughter  of  our  army. 

CHAPTER    14. 

1.  I  keep  in  memory  those  facts  that  you  have  related. 

2.  The  l  less  those  events  have  happened  according  to  the 
deserts  of  the  Roman  people,  the  1  more  indignant  I  feel.2 

3.  If  I  were  conscious  of  [having  done]  any  wrong,  it 
would  not  be  difficult  for  me  to  be  on  my  guard.  4.  I  am 
not  aware  that  I  have  done  any  thing  to  be  afraid  of.3 
5 .  Did  the  Roman  people  think  that  they  ought  to  fear  with- 
out reason?  6.  They  might  forget  the  old  disgrace,  but  they 
could  never  forget  their  late  wrongs.  7.  Without  Caesar's 
consent 4  the  Helvetians  attempted  a  march  through  Gaul. 


12  SHORT  SENTENCES  FOR 

8.  They  made  great  boasts  s  about  their  victory,  and  won- 
dered that  we  had  forgotten  it.  9.  Caesar  felt  indignant 
because  the  Helvetians  had  molested  the  ^Eduans.  10.  Let 
us  all  forget  the  recent  disgraces. 

1 1 .  The  gods  are  wont  to  punish  men  for  their  crimes. 

12.  We  suffer  very  deeply  from  a  change  of  circumstances. 

13.  That  we  may  suffer  more  deeply  from  a  change,  the 
gods  sometimes  grant  us  greater  prosperity.  14.  Do  not 6 
boast  of  your  prosperity.7  15.  I  wonder  that  the  gods  have 
granted  you  so  long  freedom  from  punishment.  16.  Caesar 
said  that,  although  this  was  so,  still  he  would  punish  them 
for  their  crimes.  17.  They  give  hostages  to  Caesar  that  he 
may  know  that  they  will  not  inflict  injuries  upon  the 
.^Eduans.  18.  Will  you  promise  to  give  Caesar  satisfaction 
for  the  wrongs  you  have  done  him?  19.  If  Divico  had 
promised  to  give  satisfaction  to  the  ^Eduans,  Caesar  would 
have  made  peace  with  him.  20.  The  Helvetians  had  been 
so  instructed  by  their  ancestors  that  they  never  gave  hos- 
tages. 

CHAPTER   15. 

1.  In  what  direction  *  are  you  going  to  march?  2.  Send 
ahead  some  horsemen  to  see  in  what  direction  we  are 
marching.  3.  Cavalry,  about  six  thousand,  were  collected 
from  those  places.  4.  We  pursued  them 2  eagerly  into  an 
unfavorable  position.  5.  A  few  of  the  Helvetians  joined 
battle  with  our  cavalry.  6.  With  fifty  of  our  horsemen  we 
drove  a  great  multitude  of  their  horsemen.  7.  They  made 
a  bolder  stand,*  and  annoyed  the  rear  of  our  line.4  8.  We 
prevented  the  enemy  from  annoying 5  the  front  of  our  line.6 

9.  It  is  not  more  than  four  or  five  miles  between  us  and  the 
enemy.     10.  I  consider  this  enough  for  the  present. 


PRACTICE  IN   WRITING  LATIN  s      13 

CHAPTER   16. 

1.  Don't1  keep  asking  us  for  grain  every  day.  2.  Not 
only  is  there  no  fodder  in  store,  but  not  even  the  crops  in 
the  fields  are  ripe.  3.  Moreover  the  supplies  which  we 
brought  up  the  Arar  we  cannot  use.  4.  We  cannot  turn  off 
from  the  Arar  because  we  must  use2  that  river.  5.  I  do 
not  want  to  depart  from  Caesar.  6.  Collect  the  supplies 
and  bring  them  together  into  one  place.  7.  The  day  is 
at  hand  on  which  we  must  assemble  the  leading  men. 
8.  Liscus  was  violently  accused  because,  though  the  enemy 
were  near,  he  did  not  assist  Caesar.  9.  3  Can  you  buy  grain, 
or  take  it  from  the  fields?  10.  He  complained  bitterly 
because  he  had  been  influenced  in  great  measure  4  by  my 
entreaties. 

CHAPTER   17. 

1 .  Liscus  has  much  more  power  than  even x  Divitiacus 
[has].  2.  There  were  not  a  few  who  were  influenced  by 
Caesar's  harangue.  3.  Seditious  and  violent  language  pre- 
vented the  multitude  from  furnishing2  supplies.  4.  Liscus 
ought  to  have 3  disclosed  what  he  had  previously  said  noth- 
ing about.  5.  Since  you  hold  the  leadership  in  Gaul,  you 
ought  to  prevent  the  magistrates  from  using  violent  language. 
6.  I  do  not  doubt  but  that  the  Helvetians  conquered  the 
Romans.  7.  If  the  Helvetians  had  conquered  the  Romans, 
they  would  have  had  great  influence  in  Gaul.  8.  Liscus 
did  not  doubt  but  that  his  plans  were  disclosed  to  the 
enemy.  9.  He  said  that  what  went  on 4  in  Gaul  was  dis- 
closed to  the  Romans.  10.  I  will  keep  still  as  long  as  I 
can. 


14     *  SHORT  SENTENCES  FOR 


CHAPTER    18. 


I.  Do  not  discuss  these  matters  while  Dumnorix  is  pres- 
ent. 2.  Liscus  spoke  with  the  greatest  freedom  x  and  bold- 
ness. 3.  Caesar  finds  it  to  be  true  that  you  \_plu.~]  are 
desirous  of  a  change.2  4.  When  Dumnorix  bids,  nobody 
dares  to  bid  against  him.  5.  For  ten  years  Dumnorix  has 
been  a  man  in  great  favor  with  his  brother  Divitiacus.  6.  I 
support  a  large  number  of  horsemen,  and  always  have  them 
about  me.  7.  Dumnorix  had  a  Helvetian  wife,  and  gave 
his  sisters  in  marriage  to  Helvetians.  8.  I  have  the  highest 
hopes3  of  increasing  my  estate  by  the  aid  of  Caesar.-  9.  He 
despaired  of  obtaining  the  royal  power  under  the  govern- 
ment of  the  Roman  people.  10.  He  commanded  the  cavalry 
in  the  unsuccessful  engagement  which  took  place  the  day 
before.4 

CHAPTER    19. 

1.  Csesarhad1  Dumnorix  punished.  2.  There  is  reason 
enough 2  for  me  to  punish  you  myself.  3.  The  Helvetians 
thought  they  had  reason  enough  for  doing 3  all  these  things 
without  Caesar's  knowledge.4  4.  Having  learned  these  facts, 
they  exchanged  "hostages.  5.  Since  this  was  done  without 
Caesar's  orders,5  he  was  accused  by  the  ^Eduans.  6.  I  am 
afraid  I  have  hurt  your  feelings.  7.  I  have  the  greatest  con- 
fidence in  you  in  all  respects.6  8.  When  Divitiacus  was 
summoned  before  Caesar,  the  latter  7  conversed  with  him 
through  an  interpreter.  9.  What  did  you  say  in  my  pres- 
ence8 about  Caesar?  10.  I  will  remind  you  of  what  you 
said  about  him. 

CHAPTER   20. 

1.  Don't  pass  too  severe  a  sentence  J  upon  me.  2.  No- 
body feels  more  pain 2  than  I  do  because  he  used  his  re- 


PRACTICE  IN  WRITING  LATIN.  15 

sources  for  your  overthrow.  3.  Love  of  his  brother3  and 
public  opinion  influenced  him.  4.  No  one  will  suppose 
that  I  hold  such  a  place  in  Caesar's  friendship.4  5.  If  any 
thing  befalls 5  Dumnorix,  it  will  be  done  with  Caesar's  con- 
sent. 6.  The  result  of  this  will  be,6  that  the  affections  of 
all  Gaul  will  be  estranged  from  him.  7.  I  beg  you  to  stop  7 
crying.  8.  He  pardons  the  injury  to  the  state  at  the 
request  of  Divitiacus.8  9.  For  the  future  avoid  all  grounds 
of  suspicion.?  10.  I  wish  to  know  what  you  are  doing  and 
whom  you  are  talking  with. 


CHAPTERS   21,   22. 

1.  Let  them  find  out  what  the  nature  of  the  mountain  is. 
2.  Show  me  what  your  plan  is.  3.  In  the  fourth  watch  the 
enemy  encamped  at  the  foot  of  a  mountain.  4.  They 
ascended  the  mountain  by  the  same  road  that ■  the  enemy 
did.  5.  Publius,  who  was  sent  ahead  with  scouts,  was 
skilled  in  military  affairs.2  6.  When  Considius  ran  up  to 
him,  the  mountain  was  occupied  by  the  enemy.  7.  When 
Caesar  had  formed  his  line  of  battle,  he  directed  Labienus 
to  make3  an  attack  on  the  enemy.  8.  At  daybreak  the 
mountain  was  seized  by  the  Gauls.  9.  Late  in  the  day4 
the  Helvetians  joined  battle  and  frightened  Considius. 
10.  On  that  day  the  enemy  followed  at  the  usual  interval.5 


CHAPTERS  23,  24. 

1.  The  army  is  not  more  than  five  miles  from  Bibracte. 
2.  Let  us  hasten  and  go  to  Bibracte.  3.  It  is  necessary  for 
them  to  turn  their  course  away  from  Caesar.  4.  Supplies 
must  be  provided  for.1  5.  They  thought  that  we  were 
alarmed  because  they  had  seized  higher  positions.  6.  The 
infantry  were  drawn  up  on  to  the  hill,  and  the  cavalry  with- 


1 6  SHORT  SENTENCES  FOR 

stood  the  attack  of  the  enemy.  7.  Half-way  up  the  hill 2 
four  legions  of   veterans  were    drawn    up    in    three    lines. 

8.  Caesar  orders  you  to  enroll  two  legions  in  the  province. 

9.  They  repulsed 3  our  cavalry  and  halted3  on  the  moun- 
tain. 10.  The  whole  mountain  was  covered  with  baggage 
and  carts. 

CHAPTER  25. 

1 .  Caesar  removed  all  the  horses  in  order  to  equalize  the 
danger.  2.  Having  destroyed  all  hope  of  flight,  he  encour- 
aged his  men.  3.  It  is  easy  to  hurl  weapons  from  a  higher 
position.  4.  After  they  had  thrown x  their  javelins,  they 
drew  their  swords.  5.  The  phalanx  was  broken  and  scat- 
tered. 6.  It  is  a  great  hindrance 2  to  us  that 3  our  shields 
are  fastened  together.  7.  Throw  away  your  shields  and 
fight  with  your  swords.  8.  I  can  not  fight  with  my  arms 
fastened  together.  9.  Let  us  retreat  to  the  mountain  and 
attack  the  enemy  on  their  exposed  flank.  10.  Let  the  sec- 
ond line  oppose  the  Helvetians,  who  are  bringing  up  the 
rear  of  the  enemy. 

CHAPTER   26. 

1 .  When  they  had  withdrawn  ■  to  the  mountain,  they  hur- 
ried2 to  their  wagons.  2.  We  can  not  withdraw  to  our  bag- 
gage. 3.  Although  the  fight  lasted  from  the  sixth  hour  till 
the  tenth,  no  one  saw  the  back  of3  an  enemy.  4.  They 
kept  hurling  their  weapons  till  late  at  night.4  5.  Hurl  your 
weapons  at  the  enemy  as  they  come  up.5  6.  When  we  had 
got  possession  of  their  weapons,  they  turned  [to  flight]. 
7.  Caesar  captured  one  of  Orgetorix's  daughters.  8.  They 
did  not  stop  marching  during  any  part  of  the  day.  9.  Don't 
you  aid  them  with  grain  or  any  thing  else.  10.  If  you  do 
aid  them,  I  shall  hold  you  in  the  same  estimation  as  6  [I  do] 
Caesar. 


PRACTICE  IN  WRITING  LATIN  1 7 

CHAPTER   27. 

1.  Cast  yourselves  at  my  feet r  and  seek  peace  with  tears.2 

2.  Wait   for  my  arrival  in  that  place  where  you  now  are. 

3.  Did  they  not  meet  him  on  the  march  and  speak  humbly? 

4.  After  I  arrived  there,  the  slaves  fled  for  refuge3  to 
Caesar.  5.  I  am  afraid4  that,  if  we  give  up  our  weapons,5 
Caesar  will  demand  hostages.  6.  After  two  nights  have 
passed,6  they  will  search  for  those  slaves.  7.  Do  you  sup- 
pose that  your  flight  can  be  concealed?  8.  They  were 
thoroughly  frightened  lest  their  flight  could  not  be  con- 
cealed. 9.  Let  us  leave  our  camp  and  hasten  7  towards  the 
Rhone.  10.  In  the  early  part  of  the  night  they  gave  up 
their  arms  and  were  punished.8 


CHAPTER   28. 

1.  Bring  the  Helvetians  back,  if  you  wish  to  be  excul- 
pated in  my  sight.1  2.  I  bid  you  to  seek  them  out  and 
bring  them  back.  3.  Caesar  found  out  that  all  the  rest  had 
been  brought  back.  4.  The  Tulingi  returned  to  the  terri- 
tories they  had  started  from.2  5.  Since  they  have  lost  all 
their  crops,3  there  is  nothing  wherewith4  they  can  sustain 
hunger.  6.  Caesar  orders  you  to  furnish  them  with  a  sup- 
ply5 of  grain.  7.  He  bids  you  to  rebuild  the  towns  that 
you  burned.  8.  Caesar  doesn't  want 6  the  Germans  to  cross 
the  Rhine  and  become  neighbors  to  the  Allobroges.  9.  At 
the  request 7  of  the  Boii  I  will  allow  the  ^Eduans  to  settle 
in  the  province.  10.  Are  not  the  Boii  known  to  be  men  of 
remarkable  valor? 

.      CHAPTER   30. 

1 .  Ambassadors  from l  almost  all  Gaul  congratulated 
Caesar.     2.  They  knew  that  he  had  demanded  satisfaction2 


1 8  SHORT  SENTENCES  FOR 

from  the  Helvetians  for  injuries  done  to  the  Romans.3 
3.  Although  he  had  demanded  satisfaction,  still  the  chief 
men  of  the  states  assembled  to  congratulate  him.  4.  The 
Helvetians  left  their  homes  with  the  design  of  making  4  war 
upon  Caesar.  5.  Did  they  select  the  most  convenient  place 
in  all  Gaul?5  6.  Do  you  judge  Gaul  to  be  very  produc- 
tive ?  7.  They  request  that  they  may  be  allowed  6  to  select 
a  convenient  place  for  an  abode.  8.  There  are  certain 
requests 7  that  I  wish  to  make  of  you.  9.  Let  no  one 
make  disclosures  except  those  who  are  directed  to  do  so.8 
10.  We  ask  that  we  may  be  allowed  to  appoint  a  day  for 
the  council. 

CHAPTER  31. 

i .  May  we  *  treat  with  you  about  the  safety  of  Caesar  ? 
2.  We  request  that  we  may  treat  with  you  about  our  own 
safety.  3.  This  request  is  granted.2  4.  They  wept  because 
the  things  they  had  said  were  reported.  5.  They  strove  for 
this  that  they  might  not  be .  put  to  torture.3  6.  The  ^Edu- 
ans  hold-  the  supremacy  in  one  4  of  the  parties,  the  Arverni 
in  the  other.4  7.  The  result  is  5  that  they  are  contending 
together  for  the  superiority.  8.  When  they  had  crossed 
the  Rhine,  they  became  enamored  of  the  way  of  life  of  the 
Gauls.  9.  They  met  with  a  great  disaster,  having  lost6  all 
their  cavalry.  10.  On  account  of  our  valor  we  were  once 
very  powerful.7 

n.  We  will  not  refuse  to  be8  for  ever  under  the  sway  of 
the  Romans.  12.  I  am  the  only  one  who  can  not  9  be 
induced  to  give  my  children  as  hostages.  13.  A  worse 
thing  has  happened  to  me  than  to  you.  14.  The  king 
has  seized  the  Sequanian  territory,  which  is  the  best  in 
Gaul.  15.  They  were  ordered  to  depart  because  the 
Harudes^had  come  a  few  days  before.  16.  The  result  will 
be  that  we  shall  be  driven  out  of  Gaul.     17.  As  soon  as10 


PRACTICE  IN   WRITING  LATIN  1 9 

he  had  conquered  the  Gauls,  he  demanded  the  children  of 
all  the  nobles.11  18.  He  could  not  prevent  a  large  multi- 
tude from  being  led  I2  over  the  Rhine.  19.  On  account  of 
his  victory  he  prevented  Ariovistus  from  inflicting  punish- 
ment13 on  the  hostages.  20.  Could  he  have14  prevented 
the  ^Eduans  from  doing  what  the  Helvetians  had  done  ? 


CHAPTER  32. 

1.  Caesar  began  to  make  a  speech.1  2.  After  he  had 
made  this  speech,  Divitiacus  besought  aid  from  him.  3. 
The  Sequanians  alone  are  sadly 2  looking  upon  the  ground. 
4.  Caesar  does  none  of  those  things  which  the  rest  of  us 3 
are  doing.  5.  What  is  the  cause  of  this  conduct?4  6.  I 
ask  of  you  what  the  cause  of  this  conduct  is.  7.  Do  you 
make  no  reply?5  8.  Our  lot  is  more  wretched  than  yours, 
because  we  dread  the  cruelty  of  Ariovistus.  9.  He  knows 
that  our  lot  is  more  wretched  than  yours,  because  we  dread 
the  cruelty  of  Ariovistus.  10.  We  who  are  in  his  power  must 
endure  6  all  tortures. 

CHAPTER   33. 

1.  I  have  great  hopes  that  Caesar  will  induce  Ariovistus 
to  put  a  stop  *  to  his  injuries.  2.  It  was  Caesar's  care  *  to 
encourage  their  minds  with  his  words.  3.  Don't  you  think 
that  the  council  must  be  dismissed  ?  4.  It  is  most  disgrace- 
ful to  Caesar  to  hold  the  ^Eduans  in  slavery.  5.  More- 
over, the  Germans  gradually  got  used  to  coming  into  Gaul. 

6.  They  will  not  refrain  from  going3  forth  into  the  province. 

7.  I  think  that  they  will  hasten  thence  into  Italy.  8.  When 
they  have  occupied 4  all  Italy,  they  will  hasten  into  Gaul. 
9.  These  dangers  must  be  thwarted5  at  the  earliest  possible 
moment.  10.  You  yourself  put  on  such  airs  that  you  seem 
intolerable. 


20  SHORT  SENTENCES  FOR 

CHAPTER  34. 

1 .  I  am  determined  *  to  appoint  a  place  for  a  conference. 
2.  Will  it  please  you  to  send  me  to  Ariovistus  ?  3.  I  de- 
mand of  you  to  send  some  one  to  Caesar.  4.  I  desire  to 
treat  with  you  on  matters  of  the  highest  importance  to  us 
both.2  5.  If  I  had  needed  any  thing  of  you,3  I  would  have 
come  to  you.  6.  If  you  want  any  thing  of  me,4  you  ought 
to  come  to  me.  7.  I  do  not  dare  to  come  into  those  parts 
of  Gaul  which  you  have  possession  of.  8.  I  can  not  with- 
out great  difficulty  get  my  army  together  in  one  place.5  9. 
What  business  have  you6  in  my  own  Gaul  which-  I  have 
conquered  in  war?  10.  It  seems  strange  to  me  what  busi- 
ness the  Roman  people  have  at  all  in  Gaul. 


CHAPTER   35. 

i.  Report  these  answers  to  Caesar.  2.  You  have  been 
treated  with  great  kindness  by  me  J  and  the  Roman  people. 
3.  Since  you  demur  when  invited  to  come  to  a  conference, 
this  is  what  I  demand  of  you.  4.  Don't  you  think  you 
ought  to  speak  about  a  matter  of  general  interest?2  5.  Do 
not  any  more  bring  over  any  body  of  men  across  the  Rhine. 

6.  Return  the  hostages  that  you  have   from   the  ^Eduans. 

7.  If  you  do3  this,  the  Roman  people  will  have  perpetual 
friendship  with  you.  8.  If  I  do  not  gain  my  request,  I  will 
not  overlook  the  wrongs  done  to  the  ^Eduans.4  9.  If  I 
held  possession  of  Gaul,  I  would  defend  the  friends  of  the 
^Eduans.  10.  When  Messala  was  consul,  the  senate  decreed 
that  the  Romans  should  defend  the  ^Eduans. 


PRACTICE  IN   WRITING  LATIN.  21 

CHAPTER  36. 

1.  It  is  the  law  of  war  that  those  who  are  victorious  shall 
govern  those  whom  they  have  conquered  just  as  they  please. 
2.  When  you  have  conquered  Ariovistus,  command  him 
just  as  you  please.  3.  We  are  accustomed  to  govern  the 
vanquished  according  to  our  own  will.  4.  I  shall  never 
dictate  to  you  how  you  shall  exercise  your  rights.1  5.  You 
ought  not  to  obstruct  me  in  [the  exercise  of]  my  rights. 
6.  You  are  doing  me  a  great  injury  by  making2  the  ^Eduans 
your  tributaries.  7.  If  you  abide  by  that 3  which  has  been 
agreed  upon,  I  will  not  make  war  upon  Ariovistus.  8.  If 
you  make  war  upon  him,  the  name  of  "brother"  will  be 
far  from  benefiting  you.4  9.  Come  on  when  you  please. 
10.  You  will  find  out  that  the  Germans  are  invincible. 


CHAPTERS   37,   38. 

1 .  I  come  to  complain  that  the  Harudes  have  lately  been 
brought  over  into  Gaul.  2.  They  gave  hostages  at  the  same 
time  that l  they  were  laying  waste  our  territories.  3.  We 
must  hasten 2  lest  Ariovistus  should  unite 3  with  the  Suevi. 
4.  Resistance 4  can  not  easily  be  made  if  Cimberius  com- 
mands them.  5.  When  this  message  was  brought,5  Ariovistus 
was  hastening  to  Vesontio.  6.  Caesar  must  take  precautions  6 
that  this  may  not  happen.  7.  The  town  is  so  well  fortified 
as  to  give  7  great  facilities  for  protracting  the  war.  8.  The 
mountain  is  not  more  than  five  hundred  feet  in  height. 
9.  A  wall  encircles  the  town  as  though  it  were  traced  around 
it  by  compasses.  10.  After  Caesar  had  surrounded  the  town 
with  a  wall,  he  stationed  a  garrison  there. 


22  SHORT  SENTENCES  FOR 


CHAPTER  39. 


1.  They  assert  that  Caesar  stopped  a  few  days  near  Ve- 
sontio  for  supplies.1  2.  The  Germans  are  [men]  of  im- 
mense size  and  incredible  valor.  3.  The  Romans  had 
frequent  encounters 2  with  them.  4.  The  minds  and  spirits 
of  the  soldiers  were  disturbed  in  no  small  degree  on  account 
of  the  fierceness  of  their  eyes.  5.  One  assigned  one 
reason  and  another  another 3  for  departing.4  6.  Those  who 
followed  Caesar  out  of  friendship  avoided  the  suspicion  of 
cowardice.  7.  Can't  you  command  your  countenance  or 
keep  back  the  tears?  8.  Let  us  hide5  in  our  tents  and 
bewail  our  common  danger.  9.  They  are  afraid  that  those 
who  command  the  cavalry  will  not  be  less  timid.  10.  When 
you  order  the  standards  to  advance,6  we  will  not  be  obedient 
to  command. 

CHAPTER  40. 

1.  Do  you  think  that  you  ought  to  inquire  '  in  what  direc- 
tion you  are  being  led?  2.  Why  should  you  suppose  that 
Ariovistus  would  seek  our  friendship?  3.  I  am  persuaded2 
that  when  he  knows 3  our  demands  he  will  reject  the  condi- 
tions. 4.  If  he  should  levy  war,  we  should  not  despair 
either  of  our  own  valor  or  of  your  zeal.  5.  An  insurrection 
of  slaves,4  who  were  assisted  in  some  degree 5  by  the  disci- 
pline they  had  received  from  us,  lately  took  place  in  Rome. 
6.  Can  you  not  judge  from  this  how*  much  advantage 6 
firmness  has  in  itself  ?  7.  These  are  the  same  men  with 
whom  we  have  had  frequent  encounters  7  in  our  own  territo- 
ries. 8.  The  Helvetians  have  generally  conquered  them, 
and  yet  they  8  are  not  a  match  for  us.  9.  You  can  find  out, 
if  you  inquire,  that  the  Gauls  are  tired  out  by  the  length  of 
the  war.  10.  If  you  attack  them  when  they  are  scattered,9 
you  will  conquer  them  by  stratagem. 


PRACTICE  IN   WRITING  LATIN.  23 

11.  Our  men  can  not  be  caught  by  that  method  for 
which10  there  is  room  against  savages.  12.  Not  even  we 
ourselves  ascribe  our  fear  to  the  narrowness  of  the  roads. 
13.  You  are  acting  presumptuously,  since  you  appear  to  be 
dictating  to  your  commander.  14.  I  will  have  a  care  for  all 
these  things.  15.  I  am  not  at  all  disturbed  at  your  saying  " 
that  you  will  not  be  obedient  to  command.  16.  Fortune 
fails  those  who  manage  things  badly.  1 7.  Caesar  put  off  to 
a  more  distant  day  what  he  had  intended  I2  to  do  immedi- 
ately. 18.  Does  [a  sense  of]  honor  and  duty  or  fear  pre- 
vail with  you  ?  19.  I  have  no  doubts  about  the  tenth  legion, 
and  that  shall  be  my  body-guard.  20.  I  have  the  greatest 
confidence  in  you  on  account  of  your  valor. 


CHAPTER    41. 

i.  We  will  be  the  first  to  *  return  thanks  to  Csesar.  2.  He 
has  expressed  a  most  favorable  opinion2  of  us.  3.  Let  us 
assure  him  that  we  are  quite  ready  to  prosecute  the  war. 
4.  The  tribunes  of  the  soldiers  together  with  the  centurions 
apologized  to  Caesar.  5.  We  never  thought  that  the  decis- 
ion about  the  war  belonged  to  us,3  but  to  you.  6.  After  our 
apology  was    accepted,   Divitiacus   reconnoitred   the   road. 

7.  Out  of  all  others  Caesar  has  the  greatest  confidence  in  you. 

8.  By  a  circuit  of  more  than  forty  miles  the  army  was  con- 
ducted through  open  places.  9.  He  did  not  discontinue 
the  march  during  seven  days.  10.  The  forces  of  Ariovistus 
are  thirty-five  miles  from  Caesar's. 

CHAPTER   42. 

1.  Since  you  have  approached  nearer,  that  may  be  done, 
as  far  as  I  am  concerned.1  2.  I  think  that  now  you  are 
returning  to  reason.     3.  You  promise  of  your  own  accord 


24  SHORT  SENTENCES  FOR 

what  formerly  you  refused  when  I  requested  it.2  4.  I  enter- 
tain great  hopes 3  that  you  will  desist  from  your  obstinacy. 

5.  They  often  sent  ambassadors  to  and  fro  between  them. 

6.  I  demand  that  you  bring  no  4  foot-soldier  to  the  confer- 
ence. 7.  I  will  not  come  on  any  other  terms.5  8.  The 
most  expedient  [way]  is  to  take  away  from  the  Gauls  all 
their  horses.  9.  If  there  should  be  need  of  any  action,  he 
would  have  his  own  soldiers  as  a  guard.  10.  You  are  doing 
more  than  you  promised. 


CHAPTER  43. 

1 .  They  saw  a  pretty  large  x  mound  of  earth  in  an  exten- 
sive plain.  2.  They  took  to  the  conference  eight  apiece 
besides  themselves.  3.  To  be  called  king  by  the  senate 
has  happened  to  but  few.  4.  You  had  no  just  reason  for 
demanding2  such  a  favor.  5.  Many  old  and  reasonable 
grounds  of  connection  have  existed  between  us  and  the 
.^Eduans.3  6.  How  many  times  have  decrees  of  the  senate 
been  passed  in  your  favor?4  7.  It  was  their  custom  not  to 
allow 5  any  thing  to  be  snatched  away  from  their  allies. 
8.  If  you  should  make  war  on  the  yEduans,  they  would  not 
return  the  hostages.  9.  If  you  can  not  send  home  any  part 
of  the  Germans,  at  least  do  not  allow  any  more  to  cross  the 
Rhine.  10.  In  consideration  of  the  friendship  of  the 
Romans,  do  not  make  war  upon  their  allies. 


CHAPTER  44. 

1.  I  crossed  the  Rhine  on  being  asked  J  and  invited  by  the 
Germans.  2.  I  have  settlements  in  Gaul,  which  have  been2 
granted  to  me  by  the  Gauls  themselves.  3.  The  Romans 
imposed  a  tax  upon  the  Gauls  by  the  laws  of  war.  4.  If 
you  wish  to  make  a  second  trial,3  I  am  ready  for  a  second 


PRACTICE  IN   WRITING  LATIN.  25 

contest.  5.  It  is  not  fair  to  make  objections  about  the  tax 
which  you  have  paid  up  to  this  time.  6.  I  have  sought 
your  friendship  in  the  hope  that  it  would  be  an  honor  to  me, 
not  a  detriment.  7.  I  came  into  Gaul  by  request,4  for  the 
sake  of  defending  the  Gauls.  8.  This  [part  of]  Gaul  is 
mine  just  as  that  is  yours.  9.  If  I  should  interfere  with  you 
in  [the  exercise  of]  your  rights,  I  ought  not  to  be  par- 
doned.5 10.  I  am  not  so  "green"  as  not  to  know6  that 
Caesar  has  his  army  in  Gaul  for  the  sake  of  crushing  me. 


CHAPTERS   45,   46. 

1.  Why  can  not  Caesar  desist  from  his  purpose?  2.  It 
is  not  Caesar's  custom  to  desert  his  most  deserving  allies. 
3.  Fabius  conquered  the  Arverni  in  war,  but  the  Romans  did 
not  impose  a  tribute  on  them.1  4.  ,The  Ruteni  were  not 
pardoned  by  the  Roman  people.  5.  The  Gauls  whom  I 
have  conquered  ought  to  be  free  and  to  enjoy2  their  own 
laws.  6.  While  the  horsemen  were  riding  up  to  our  men, 
stones  were  thrown  upon  us.  7.  Do  not  throw  back  any 
weapon  at  all  upon  the  horsemen.  8.  Although  the  legion 
will  not  be  in  any  danger,3  still  a  battle  with  the  cavalry 
must  not  be  engaged  in.  9.  If  Ariovistus  is  defeated,  it 
might  be  said  that  he  was  entrapped  by  us.  10.  After  the 
horsemen  had  made  the  attack,  Caesar  put  an  end  to  the 
conference. 

CHAPTER  47. 

1 .  Ariovistus  wanted  to  treat  with  Caesar  about  those  mat- 
ters which  had  been  begun  but  not l  finished.  2.  If  you 
do  not  wish  to  appoint  a  day  a  second  time,  send  an  ambas- 
sador to  me.  3.  He  could  not  keep  the  Germans  from 
hurling2  weapons  against  them.  4.  There  doesn't  seem 
to   be   any   reason 3   for   hurling   weapons    against    Caesar. 


26  SHORT  SENTENCES  FOR 

5.  Caius,  whose  father  the  Romans  presented  with  citizen- 
ship, was  a  young  man  of  great  valor.  6.  Ariovistus  spoke 
the  Gallic  language  fluently.4  7.  The  Germans  have  no  rea- 
son for  sending  Caius  to  Caesar.  8.  Marcus  found  out  what 
Caius  said,  and  reported  it  to  Caesar.  9.  When  they  saw 
them  5  before  him,  they  raised  a  shout  in  the  presence  of 
Caesar  himself.  10.  When  I  attempted6  to  speak,  I  was 
stopped  and  cast  into  prison. 


CHAPTERS   48,   49. 

1.  On  the  next  day  Caesar  led  his  forces  past  the  moun- 
tain with  the  intention  I  of  drawing  them  out  in  line  of  bat- 
tle. 2.  Ariovistus  kept  his  army  in  camp  for  six  days  in 
succession.2  3.  If  you  should  wish  to  contend  in  battle, 
you  would  not  lack  the  opportunity.  4.  Let  us  each  choose 
a  foot-soldier  for  the  sake  of  our  own  safety.  5.  If  any  one 
should  receive 3  a  wound  and  fall  from  his  horse,  they  would 
^surround  him.  6.  We  must  either  make  a  further  advance 
or  a  quicker  retreat.  7.  To  that  place  in  which  the  Ger- 
mans are  encamped  he  will  come  with  the  first  and  second 
legions.  8.  It  has  been  said  that  this  place  is  about  five 
hundred  paces  from  his  camp.  9.  Thither  Ariovistus  sent 
all  his  cavalry  to  frighten  Caesar's  forces.  10.  Caesar  or- 
dered the  camp  to  be  fortified  and  three  legions  left  there. 


CHAPTERS   50,   51. 

1.  A  chance  to  fight1  was  given  Caesar  by  Ariovistus. 
2.  And  when  not  even  Caesar  came  forth  to  battle,  the  lat- 
ter2 at  length  besieged  the  larger  camp.  3.  For  what  reason 
do  the  German  matrons  declare  whether  or  not  it  is  advanta- 
geous 3  to  join  battle  ?  4.  It  is  the  custom  among  the  Ger- 
mans to  contend  in  battle  when  the  matrons  declare  that 


PRACTICE  IN   WRITING  LATIN.  27 

the  moon  is  full.4  5.  When  they  said  that  the  Germans 
could  not  conquer,  Ariovistus  withdrew  his  forces  into  camp. 
6.  He  drew  up  his  forces  in  sight  of  Ariovistus,  because  he 
was  strong  in  legionary  soldiers.  7.  Considering  the  num- 
ber of  legionary  soldiers,  he  is  strong  in  auxiliaries.  8.  Let 
us  draw  up  a  triple  line  of  battle  and  advance  up  to  Caesar's 
camp.  9.  The  women  were  put  into  the  chariots  that  they 
might  not  be  given  up  to  the  Romans.  10.  With  out- 
stretched hands  we  implore  you  not  to  deliver  us  up  to 
Caesar. 

CHAPTER   52. 

i.  Caesar  appointed  a  quaestor  over  each  legion.1  2.  The 
right  wing  is  the  weakest  part  of  the  enemy.  3.  When 
the  signal  was  given,  so  fiercely  was  the  attack  made  that 
the  battle  was  fought  hand  to  hand  with  swords.  4.  A  good 
many  [of]  our  soldiers  jumped  upon  the  phalanx  and  tore 
away  the  shields.  5.  When  our  line  was  hard  pressed  on  the 
right,  the  enemy's  line  was  defeated  on  the  left.  6.  The 
cavalry  are  freer  to  move2  than  we  who  are  engaged  in 
the  line  of  battle.  7.  Send  Crassus  as  a  relief3  to  the  third 
line  [which  is]  in  distress.4  8.  When  Crassus  sent  his  cav- 
alry as  a  relief  to  the  young  men,  the  battle  was  fought  more 
fiercely.  9.  The  Germans  noticed  that  Crassus  commanded 
the  cavalry.  10.  Our  men  ran  forward  so  rapidly  that  the 
Germans  formed  a  phalanx. 


CHAPTER  53. 

1.  Do  not  stop  fleeing  "  before  you  reach  the  river.  2.  If 
you  rely2  on  your  own  strength,  you  can  swim  over.  3.  If 
you  can't  swim,  you  must  find  safety  for  yourselves  in 
boats.  4.  When  Ariovistus  had  found 3  a  small  vessel  made 
fast  to  the  bank,  he  escaped  in  that.     5.  One4  of  his  two 


28  PRACTICE  IN   WRITING  LATIN 

wives  he  married  in  Gaul.  6.  The  other  was  captured  and 
slain.  7.  This  circumstance  affords  me  great  pleasure,  that 
Caius  has  been  snatched  from  the  enemy  and  restored  to 
me.  8.  Caius  is  the  most  honorable  man  in 5  the  province, 
my  own  familiar  friend.  9.  Shall  he  be  immediately  burned, 
or  reserved  for  another  time?  10.  The  lots  were  consulted 
about  me  twice,  and  by  their  favor  I  am  unharmed. 


REVIEWS. 


CHAPTERS    1-5. 

i.  The  Belgians,  who  contend  with  the  Germans  every 
day  in  battle,  determined  to  wage  war  in  their  territories. 

2.  You,  who  surpass  everybody  in  courage,  have  been 
influenced  by  Orgetorix  to  follow  his  advice  and  set  your 
house  on  fire. 

3  When  I  thought  I  was  ready  for  that  undertaking,  I 
persuaded  Dumnorix  to  give  me  his  daughter,  [saying  that] 
there  was  no  doubt  of  her  being  friendly  to  me. 

4.  The  daughter  of  Dumnorix,  excited  about  this  thing, 
hastened  to  the  river  Rhine  with  her  friends  and  there  com- 
mitted suicide. 

5.  I  assure  you  that  it  is  necessary  for  you  to  seize  the 
throne  in  your  own  state,  and  to  maintain  your  rights  by 
force  of  arms. 

CHAPTERS    6,  7. 

1.  Let  us  get  every  thing  ready  so  that  we  can  cross  the 
Rhone  on  the  30th  of  March,  and  get  into  the  neighborhood 
of  Geneva  on  the  1st  of  April. 

2.  We  think  we  can  easily  keep  off  the  enemy,  because 
the  road  is  so  narrow  that  they  drag  their  wagons  there  one 
at  a  time  with  difficulty. 

29 


30  REVIEWS. 

3.  Caesar  was  not  well  disposed  towards  the  Helvetians, 
because  [as  he  thought]  they  were  attempting  to  march 
through  our  province. 

4.  The  Helvetians  had  no  other  way,  and  they  intended 
to  march  without  [doing]  any  damage. 

5.  Permission  to  march  through  the  province  ought  not 
to  be  given  them,  because  the  Helvetians  once  defeated  the 
Roman  army  and  were  hostile  to  the  Romans. 


CHAPTERS   8,  9. 

1.  When  Caesar  had  finished  the  wall  and  the  trench,  he 
said  that  the  Helvetians  could  not  cross  without  his  consent. 

2.  Disappointed  in  this  hope,  they  said  they  should  use 
force  and  attempt  to  break  through  by  night. 

3.  Dumnorix  says  that,  if  they  will  send  ambassadors  to 
him,  he  will  induce  the  Sequanians  to  allow  them  to  go 
through  their  boundaries. 

4.  He  wanted  to  hold  them  under  obligations  to  him  for 
the  kindness,  because  he  was  influenced  by  his  passion  for 
power. 

5.  The  Sequanians  will  not  obstruct  the  Helvetians  on  the 
march,  and  the  Helvetians  will  pass  through  without  injury. 

CHAPTERS    10,  11. 

1.  If  you  should  do  that,  it  would  be  [attended]  with 
great  danger  to  the  Romans  to  lead  the  army  out.  of  winter 
quarters. 

2.  Caesar  knew  that,  if  you  should  do  that,  the  Roman 
people  would  have  warlike  men  for  neighbors. 

3.  Caesar  sent  ambassadors  to  the  ^Eduans  to  ask  for 
help  ;  [saying  that]  he  had  always  so  deserved  of  the  yEdu- 
ans  that  they  ought  not  to  attack  his  army. 


REVIEWS.  31 

4.  Having  seized  a  higher  position,  Caesar  defeated  the 
^Eduans  in  several  encounters,  and  informed  Labienus  that 
he  could  easily  keep  off  the  violence  of  the  enemy  from  the 
town. 

5.  The  Allobroges  ought  not  to  have  waited  till  they  had 
nothing  left  but  the  soil  of  the  fields. 

CHAPTERS    12,   13. 

1.  Caesar,  being  asked  in  what  direction  the  Arar  flowed, 
replied  that  he  could  not  tell  by  the  eye,  because  it  flowed 
with  such  incredible  slowness. 

2.  Caesar,  having  set  out  with  that  part  of  his  army  which 
was*on  the  hither  side  of  the  river,  attacked  the  Helvetians 
unexpectedly  and  slew  a  third  part  of  their  army. 

3.  That  part  of  the  army  which  had  hidden  in  the  forests 
was  the  first  to  build  a  bridge  over  the  Arar  in  order  to  send 
ambassadors  to  Caesar. 

4.  Divico  said  to  Caesar  that,  as  to  his  having  built  a 
bridge  over  the  Arar  in  one  day,  he  should  not  on  that 
account  despise  the  courage  of  the  Helvetians,  who  were 
confused  by  his  sudden  arrival. 

5.  He  also  said  that  Caesar  would  cause  that  place  to  take 
its  name  from  the  building  of  the  bridge. 

CHAPTERS    14-16. 

i.  Caesar  replied  that,  although  these  things  were  so,  still 
they  should  not  make  such  great  boasts  about  their  pros- 
perity ;  — 

2.  That  even  if  he  thought  any  thing  had  been  done  by 
him  to  be  afraid  of,  he  was  not  willing  to  forget  that  they 
had  forcibly  attempted  to  march  through  the  province ;  — 

3.  That  on  the  next  day  he  would  move  his  camp  from 


32  REVIEWS. 

that  place  and  send  cavalry  ahead  to  pursue  and  harass  the 
enemy's  rear. 

4.  When  Caesar  observed  that  the  crops  were  not  ripe,  he 
distributed  to  the  soldiers  the  grain  which  be  had  brought 
up  the  river. 

5.  Having  summoned  Liscus,  who  held  the  power  of  life 
and  death  over  his  subjects,  he  complained  bitterly  because 
the  yEduans  did  not  collect  the  supplies  which  they  had 
promised. 

CHAPTERS    17-19. 

1.  Liscus  disclosed  [the  fact]  that  there  were  some  who 
had  no  doubt  but  that  our  plans  and  what  went  on  in  camp 
were  announced  to  the  ^Eduans. 

2.  I  am  aware  that  it  is  with  great  danger  that  I  make 
these  disclosures,  and  for  that  reason  I  have  kept  silent  as 
long  as  I  could. 

3.  It  is  true  that  Dumnorix  hates  Caesar,  because  at  his 
approach  his  own  power  is  weakened  so  that  he  has  less 
influence  among  the  Gauls. 

4.  If  any  thing  should  happen  to  Caesar,  I  should  enter- 
tain the  highest  hopes  of  increasing  my  estate  and  of  keep- 
ing a  large  number  of  cavalry  about  me. 

5 .  When  all  these  things  had  been  done  without  Caesar's 
knowledge,  before  attempting  any  thing,  he  conversed  with 
Divitiacus  through  an  interpreter  and  reminded  him  of  what 
he  had  said  about  giving  hostages. 


CHAPTERS   20-22. 

i.  I  know  that  that  is  true,  and  no  one  feels  more  pain 
about  it  than  I  do,  because,  while  I  have  very  great  power, 
and  he  very  little  on  account  of  his  youth,  he  has  increased 
through  my  instrumentality. 


REVIEWS.  33 

2.  He  said  that,  if  he  had  been  influenced  by  love  for  his 
brother,  since  the  latter  was  Caesar's  enemy,  the  affections 
of  Caesar  would  have  been  estranged  from  him. 

3.  I  will  show  you  what  I  blame  in  you,  in  order  that  you 
may  be  warned  to  avoid  suspicion. 

4.  On  the  same  day  he  ordered  Labienus  to  ascertain 
what  the  nature  of  the  mountain  was  and  what  the  designs 
of  the  enemy  were. 

5.  When  Considius,  whom  Csesar  had  sent  ahead  with 
scouts,  said  that  the  enemy  held  the  mountain,  he  was 
panic-stricken,  announcing  what  he  had  not  seen  just  as  if 
he  had  seen  it. 

CHAPTERS  23-25. 

1.  Caesar,  whether  because  he  thought  he  ought  to  dis- 
tribute grain  to  the  army,  or  because  he  saw  that  the  Helve- 
tians had  changed  their  plans,  seized  a  higher  position,  but 
did  not  join  battle. 

2.  After  he  had  drawn  up  his  line  half-way  up  the  hill,  in 
such  a  way  that  the  whole  mountain  was  covered  with  veter- 
ans, he  ordered  those  who  stood  in  the  upper  line  to  fortify 
the  place  where  the  knapsacks  were  collected. 

3.  They  say  that  Caesar,  having  removed  his  horse  out  of 
sight  and  having  encouraged  his  men,  joined  battle. 

4.  It  was  a  great  hindrance  to  the  Gauls  that  their  shields 
were  pierced  and  pinned  together  by  the  enemy's  javelins, 
so  that  many  threw  away  their  shields  and  fought  with  their 
bodies  unprotected. 

5.  The  Helvetians,  seeing  that  the  Boii  were  attacking  and 
surrounding  our  men,  made  another  stand  and  renewed  the 
battle. 


34  REVIEWS. 

CHAPTERS   26-28. 

1.  After  Caesar  had  captured  Orgetorix's  son,  who  had 
fought  fiercely  all  night  and  had  not  turned  his  back  upon 
the  foe,  he  told  him  that,  if  he  would  cast  himself  at  his  feet 
and  speak  humbly,  he  might  stay  three  days  in  that  place. 

2.  When  Caesar  had  sent  a  letter  to  Orgetorix  [ordering 
him]  not  to  delay  more  than  two  days  for  the  burial  of  the 
slain,  the  latter,  who  had  been  wounded  with  a  javelin,  sent 
ambassadors  to  him  with  reference  to  a  surrender. 

3.  While  \dum\  the  hostages  were  being  collected  and 
the  ambassadors  were  waiting,  Orgetorix,  fearing  that,  if  he 
should  deliver  up  his  arms,  he  would  suffer  punishment,  went 
out  of  the  camp  by  night  and  hastened  towards  the  Rhine. 

4.  The  hostages,  after  one  night  had  passed,  thinking  that 
their  flight  might  be  altogether  overlooked,  returned  to  the 
place  they  had  started  from. 

5.  Since  we  have  nothing  at  home  wherewith  to  sustain 
hunger,  Caesar  will,  at  the  request  of  the  Germans,  allow  us 
to  burn  our  towns,  cross  the  Rhine,  and  dwell  in  the  place 
that  the  Helvetians  have  departed  from. 

CHAPTERS   30,   31. 

1.  When  the  Helvetian  war  was  over,  the  chief  men  of 
the  Gallic  states  came  to  congratulate  Caesar,  although  they 
knew  he  had  demanded  satisfaction  for  injuries  done  the 
Romans  by  the  Helvetians. 

2.  As  they  were  very  prosperous,  they  had  decided  to 
declare  war  and  strive  for  the  supreme  power  in  Gaul ;  and 
they  asked  Caesar  to  appoint  a  general  convocation  of  the 
states. 

3.  We  strive  not  less  for  this,  that  the  things  which  we 
have  said  may  not  be  disclosed,  than  that  we  may  accom- 


REVIEWS. 


35 


plish  those  things  that  we  wish ;  because,  if  disclosures  are 
made,  we  shall  be  put  to  torture. 

4.  A  hundred  and  fifty  thousand  of  the  Germans  had 
crossed  the  Rhine,  routed  the  ^Eduans,  demanded  the  chil- 
dren of  all  the  nobles  as  hostages,  and  had  bound  their  state 
by  an  oath  not  to  ask  aid  of  the  Romans. 

5.  As  soon  as  the  Gauls  had  been  overcome,  Ariovistus, 
a  passionate,  insolent  man,  practiced  every  kind  of  cruelty 
upon  his  prisoners,  and  prevented  the  soldiers  from  doing 
the  same  thing  that  Caesar  had  done. 

CHAPTERS   32-34. 

i.  The  Sequanians  alone  remained  silent;  and  when 
Caesar  was  surprised  at  that  conduct,  and  questioned  them 
about  it,  they  still  made  no  reply. 

2.  We  are  completely  in  the  power  of  Ariovistus,  because 
we  received  him  into  our  territories ;  and  we  dare  not  com- 
plain, lest  severe  punishment  fall  upon  us  and  our  towns 
and  villages  be  destroyed.      ' 

3.  Caesar  thought  it  was  disgraceful  to  the  Romans  that 
people  called  "  brothers  "  by  the  senate  should  be  annoyed 
by  Ariovistus,  a  man  who  had  shown  himself  so  proud  and 
insufferable. 

4.  Would  it  not  be  dangerous  to  the  Romans  for  a  large 
body  of  Germans  to  get  used  to  crossing  the  Rhine? 
Would  they  not  be  induced  to  cross  the  Rhone  also  and 
invade  Italy  itself? 

5.  Caesar  sends  to  Ariovistus,  asking  him  to  treat  with 
him  about  public  affairs ;  but  Ariovistus  replies  that  he 
doesn't  know  what  business  Caesar  has  at  all  in  those  parts 
of  Gaul  which  he  himself  has  conquered. 


36  REVIEWS, 

CHAPTERS  35-37. 

i.  Caesar  said  that,  if  the  Sequanians  should  return  the 
hostages  that  they  had,  and  not  annoy  the  ^Eduans,  they 
would  be  treated  with  great  kindness  by  him  and  the  Ro- 
man people. 

2.  If  you  make  such  a  return  to  me,  that,  when  invited 
to  cross  the  Rhine,  you  demur  and  think  you  ought  not  to 
cross,  I  will  require  you  to  report  this  message  to  Caesar. 

3.  You  are  doing  Caesar  a  great  wrong  by  making  the 
^Eduans  tributary  to  yourself  and  obstructing  them  in  the 
exercise  of  their  rights. 

4.  Since  I  do  not  dictate  to  you  how  you  who  have  been 
victorious  shall  govern  those  whom  you  have  conquered, 
you  ought  to  abide  by  that  which  has  been  agreed  upon, 
and  not  levy  war  upon  my  allies. 

5 .  I  think  we  must  hasten,  lest,  if  the  Treviri  encamp  on 
the  banks  of  the  Rhine  and  attempt  to  cross  the  river,  they 
can  not  easily  be  resisted.  * 


CHAPTERS   38,39. 

1.  When  Caesar  had  taken  precautions  against  Ariovistus's 
seizing  the  town,  he  proceeded  against  him  with  all  his 
forces. 

2.  Caesar  thought  he  ought  to  hasten  towards  the  town  by 
forced  marches  night  and  day,  and,  when  he  had  seized  it, 
to  station  a  garrison  there. 

3.  Whilst  he  was  fortifying  this  town,  the  minds  of  the 
soldiers  were  greatly  disturbed  by  the  remarks  of  the  Gauls, 
who  asserted  that  a  sudden  panic  had  seized  upon  the 
traders. 

4.  We  are  not  afraid  of  the  Germans,  with  whom  we  have 
very  often  come  in  conflict  \  but  we  are  alarmed  [for  fear] 


REVIEWS.  37 

that  supplies  can  not  be  brought  up  on  account  of  the  extent 
of  the  forests. 

5.  Those  who  command  the  cavalry  and  have  had  con- 
siderable experience  in  camp  are  so  frightened  that  they 
hide  in  their  tents,  and  bewail  the  common  danger. 


CHAPTERS   40,41. 

1.  Why  should  Ariovistus,  who,  when  I  was  consul,  very 
eagerly  sought  the  friendship  of  the  Roman  people,  so  rashly 
depart  from  his  duty? 

2.  When  the  Cimbri  were  defeated  by  Marius,  the  sol- 
diers, who  were  aided  somewhat  by  the  discipline  they  had 
received  from  their  ancestors,  seemed  to  have  deserved  no 
less  praise  than  the  centurions.  * 

3.  If  you  should  inquire  why  the  flight  of  the  Gauls  took 
place,  you  would  find  out  that  they  were  tired  out  by  the 
length  of  the  war,  and  were  caught  by  a  stratagem  for  which 
there  is  no  chance  against  our  skilled  soldiers. 

4.  For  I  know  that  the  tenth  legion,  in  which  I  have  the 
greatest  confidence,  will  never  despair  of  their  commander, 
or  dictate  to  him  in  what  direction  he  shall  lead  them,  but 
will  follow  me,  even  if  nobody  else  does. 

5.  After  the  soldiers  of  the  tenth  legion  had  assured 
Caesar  that  they  were  quite  ready  to  reconnoitre  the  road, 
the  other  legions  apologized  to  Caesar;  and  their  apology 
was  accepted. 

CHAPTERS   42,43. 

1.  Since  you  have  returned  to  reason,  promising  of  your 
own  accord  what  formerly  you  refused,  I  will  appoint  the 
sixth  day  from  the  present  for  a  conference. 

2.  Ariovistus,  on  account  of  the  great  kindnesses  of  the 
Romans  towards  him,  said  that  he  would  come  to  the  con- 


38  REVIEWS. 

ference,  if  Caesar  would  promise   not   to   bring   any  foot- 
soldier. 

3.  If  the  horses  should  be  taken  away  from  the  Gauls,  I 
would  put  on  them  my  own  soldiers,  so  as  to  have  a  friendly 
guard  in  case  there  should  be  need  of  any  action. 

4.  When  they  had  come  to  the  appointed  place,  which 
was  at  about  an  equal  distance  from  the  camp  of  each  com- 
mander, Caesar  recounted  the  very  valuable  presents  which 
the  senate  had  sent  to  Ariovistus. 

5.  You  obtained  these  rewards,  when  you  had  no  just 
reason  for  asking  them,  through  my  liberality  and  that  of 
the  senate. 

CHAPTERS  44,45. 

1.  He  said  that,  after  he  had  conquered  his  enemies  in 
war,  he  imposed  the  tax  upon  them  which  victors  are  wont 
to  impose  on  the  vanquished. 

2.  If  I  thought  that  by  means  of  the  Romans  the  tax 
which  the  Gauls  have  paid  me  should  be  discontinued,  I 
would  reject  your  friendship  no  less  willingly  than  I  sought  it. 

3.  I  brought  Germans  into  Gaul  for  the  sake  of  fortifying 
my  own  possessions,  not  of  assaulting  you ;'  and  the  proof 
of  this  fact  is  that  I  did  not  come  without  being  asked. 

4.  If  I  should  kill  you,  I  should  be  doing  a  favor  to  many 
Roman  nobles,  from  whom  I  have  ascertained  this  fact,  that 
by  your  death  I  might  purchase  their  friendship. 

5.  If  Caesar  had  decided  that  Gaul  belonged  to  Ariovistus 
rather  than  to  him,  he  ought  not  to  have  imposed  a  tribute 
upon  his  (Ariovistus's)  allies. 

CHAPTERS   46-48. 

1.  After  Caesar  had  stopped  talking  and  had  withdrawn 
to  his  own  troops,  he  informed  them  that  Ariovistus  with 


REVIEWS.  39 

great  arrogance  had  ordered  the  Romans  to  leave  Gaul  and 
had  broken  up  the  conference. 

2.  It  was  reported  by  the  scouts  that  on  the  day  before 
the  conference  Caesar  could  not  keep  his  men  from  shouting 
aloud  in  his  own  presence  that  Ariovistus  was  coming  for  the 
purpose  of  injuring  him. 

3.  He  ordered  them  to  send  Mettius,  because  he  spoke 
the  Gallic  language,  to  ascertain  what  was  said  in  the  ene- 
my's camp  and  report  it  to  him. 

4.  On  the  same  day  Caesar  pitched  his  camp  three  miles 
beyond  Ariovistus  with  the  intention  of  bringing  up  his 
supplies  on  the  next  day. 

5.  Six  thousand  foot-soldiers,  one  of  whom  each  of  the 
horsemen  chose  for  the  sake  of  his  own  safety,  were  in  bat- 
tles with  them,  and  ran  to  their  assistance  in  case  of  any 
emergency. 

CHAPTERS  49-51. 

1.  Caesar,  having  observed  that  the  enemy  kept  himself 
in  camp,  selected  a  suitable  place  for  his  own  camp  about 
five  hundred  paces  from  the  enemy,  and  there  drew  up  a 
triple  line  of  battle. 

2.  Ariovistus  will  send  seventeen  thousand  light-armed 
troops  to  drive  off  Caesar's  troops  and  prevent  them  from 
completing  their  work. 

3.  When  Caesar  inquired  from  the  prisoners  for  what 
reason  the  Germans  did  not  offer  him  a  chance  to  fight,  he 
found  out  that  the  reason  was  that  they  thought  they  could 
not  conquer  before  full  moon. 

4.  It  is  not  Caesar's  custom  to  pronounce  by  lots  and 
divination  whether  or  not  it  is  advantageous  to  engage  in 
battle,  because  he  thinks  that  it  is  the  will  of  heaven  that 
his  own  legionary  soldiers  shall  conquer,  whether  it  is  new 
moon  or  not. 


40  REVIEWS. 

5.  Having  drawn  up  his  line  of  battle  and  put  the  auxil- 
iaries in  sight  of  the  enemy  in  order  to  use  them  for  appear- 
ance' sake,  at  about  mid-day  he  offered  to  Ariovistus  a 
chance  to  attack  him. 


CHAPTERS   52-54. 

1.  When  the  signal  was  given,  a  fierce  attack  upon  the 
enemy  was  made  by  our  men,  who,  throwing  away  their 
javelins,  fought  hand  to  hand  with  their  swords. 

2.  Several  of  the  enemy  were  found  who  rushed  forward 
so  rapidly  that  they  had  no  space  for  hurling  their  javelins 
against  our  troops ;  but,  after  having  formed  a  phalanx,  they 
pressed  severely  upon  the  line. 

3.  None  of  the  enemy  stopped  fleeing  until  they  had 
found  boats  in  the  river  by  which  to  seek  safety,  or  had 
swum  across  to  the  other  bank. 

4.  It  afforded  Caius  great  pleasure  that,  although  the  lots 
were  consulted  about  him  three  times  in  his  own  presence, 
[as  to]  whether  he  should  swim  over  the  river  or  find  a 
boat,  he  nevertheless  escaped  by  using  his  sword. 

5.  Caius,  Caesar's  own  guest-friend,  having  been  snatched 
from  the  hands  of  the  enemy,  who  had  determined  to  bind 
him  in  triple  chains  and  put  him  to  death  by  fire,  was 
restored  to  Caesar  unharmed. 


NOTES. 


DIFFERENCES   OF   IDIOM,   etc. 

i.     i.  Were   different  from   each    other  =  differed    among    them- 
selves. 

2.  In  many  respects  =  in  many  things. 

3.  Are  characteristics  of  the  province  =  are  of  the  province. 

4.  The  rest  of  the  Gauls  =  the  remaining  Gauls. 

5.  Use  interrogative  particle  num. 

6.  Said  that  the  Gauls  hold  =  said  the  Gauls  to  hold. 

7.  Begins  at  =  takes  [its]  beginning  from. 

8.  Use  que. 

9.  On  one  side  =  from  one  part.     Observe  the  order. 
2.     1.  See  note  1,  4. 

2.  Can  you  ?  =  are  you  able  ? 

3.  To   persuade   one  to  make  =  to  persuade  to  one  that  he  may 
[might]  make. 

4.  The  nobility  were  persuaded  =  it  was  persuaded  to  the  nobility. 

5.  Persuaded  me  to  this  course  =  persuaded  this  to  me. 

6.  The  =  by  this. 

7.  Also  a  broad  one  =  broad  also  {quoque). 

8.  "  When  Orgetorix  was  king  "  may  be  expressed  in  two  ways. 

9.  See  note  1,  9. 

10.  Circumstances  =  things. 

11.  In  proportion  to  =pro, 

— -12.  Think  that  the  Helvetians  were  =  think  the  Helvetians  to  have 
been. 

13.  Thought  they  had  =  thought  themselves  to  have. 

14.  Considering  —pro. 

15.  In  width  =  into  width. 

3.     1.  For  the  expedition  =  for  setting  out. 

41 


42  NOTES. 

2.  Considerations  =  things. 

3.  Use  present  subjunctive. 

4.  Sow  as  much  land  as  possible  =  make  the  very  greatest  sowings. 

5.  In  order  to  establish  =  that  they  might  establish. 

6.  Completed  these  preparations  =  prepared  these  things. 

7.  Cf.  biennium. 

8.  Cf.  ad  eas  res  conjiciendas. 

9.  See  note  3. 

10.  See  note  8. 

11.  See  note  2,  15. 

12.  Suus  or  ejus? 

13.  Going  to  accomplish  =  about  to  accomplish. 

14.  To  exchange  oaths  =  to  give  an  oath  among  themselves.     Cf. 
inter  se  differitnt. 

15.  Having  conciliated  the  army  =  the  army  having  been   concil- 
iated. 

4.     1.  In  chains  =  from  chains. 

2.  If  you  are  condemned,  punishment  must  follow  =  it  behooves 
punishment  to  follow. you  condemned. 

3.  A  day  .  .  .  for  pleading  =  a  day  of  the  pleading. 

4.  At  the  trial  =  to  the  trial. 

5.  From  being  burned  =  lest  we  be  burned. 

6.  Use  cum  with  subjunctive,  or  ablative  absolute.     See  note  2,  8. 

7.  To  commit  suicide  =  to  adjudge  death  to  one's  self. 

8.  See  note  3,  13. 

5.     1.  What  =  that  which. 

2.  To  go  =  that  we  may  go. 

3.  Undertaking  =  thing. 

4.  Hope  of  returning  =  hope  of  a  return. 

5.  Very  well  prepared  =  most  prepared. 

6.  For  four  months  =  of  four  months. 

7.  His  own  =  for  himself. 

8.  They  adopted  .  .  .  and  "burned  =  having   adopted  (used)  .  .  . 
they  burned. 

-    6.  1.  One  at  a  time  =  single. 

2.  So  =  /#*#. 

3.  Prevent  a  passage  =prohibeo. 

4.  Fordable  =  crossed  by  a  ford. 

5.  To  have  a  friendly  disposition  =  to  be  of  good  mind. 

6.  Eos  or  se  ? 

7.  Made  every  preparation  =  prepared  all  things. 


NOTES.  43 

8.  Assemble  at  =  come  together  to. 

7.     1.  To  arrive  at  a  place  =  to  come  through  to  a  place. 

2.  Word  was  brought  =  it  was  announced. 

3.  See  note  I. 

4.  Give  orders  to  the  province  to  furnish  =  order  to  the  province. 

5.  To  inform  =  to  make  more  certain. 

6.  It  is  my  intention  =  it  is  in  mind  to  me. 

7.  That  we  may  do  =  that  it  be  permitted  to  us  to  do. 

8.  May  I  do  ?  =  is  it  permitted  to  me  to  do  ? 

9.  To  say  =  that  they  may  say,  or  =  who  may  say. 

10.  To  remember  =  to  hold  in  [by]  memory. 

11.  Use  impero  followed  by  ut  with  subjunctive. 

12.  Till   the  soldiers   have    assembled  =  while    the    soldiers    are. 
assembling. 

13.  See  note  8. 

14.  Use  present  subjunctive. 

8.  1.  Fifteen  feet  high  =  of  fifteen  feet  into  height.    Cf.  note  2, 15. 

2.  When  I  have  =  when  I  shall  have. 

3.  If  I  am  unwilling.     Use  ablative  absolute. 

4.  Said  that  the  day  had  not  arrived  =  denied  [nego)  the   day  to 
have  arrived. 

5.  If  you  attempt  =  if  you  shall  attempt.     Cf.  note  2. 

6.  Some  .  .  .  others  =  others  .  .  .  others. 

7.  Disappointed  in  =  cast  down  from. 

.  8.  Could  they  not  have  forced  a  passage  ?  =  were  they  not  able  to 
break  through  ? 

9.  1.  To  gain  a  request  =  impetro. 

2.  Has  great  influence  =  is  able  much. 

3.  To  marry  [a  woman]  =  to  lead  into  matrimony. 

4.  Revolution  =  new  things. 

5.  Business  =  thing. 

6.  Exchange  hostages  =  Give  hostages  among  ourselves.     Cf.  note 

10.  1.  See  note  7,  6. 

2.  It  is  attended  with  danger  =  it  is  with  danger. 

3.  To  put  in  command  oi—prceficio. 

4.  By  the  shortest  route  =  where  the  way  was  nearest. 

5.  Even  =  etiam. 

6.  In  one  battle  =  by  one  battle. 

7.  See  note  7,  1. 

8.  There  =  thither. 


44  NOTES, 

ii.     I.  Note  the  difference  between  debeant  and  debuerint. 

2.  At  the   same   time  with   Caesar  =  at  the   same  time  at  which 
Caesar. 

3.  Nothing  left  =  nothing  of  remaining.. 

4.  We  ought  to  wait  =  [it]  ought  to  be  waited  by  us. 

5.  Arrives  =  shall  have  arrived. 

6.  Are  wasting  away  =  are  [being]  consumed. 

7.  See  note  4. 

12.  1.  Tell  =  judge. 

2.  In  which  direction  =  into  which  (of  two)  parts. 

3.  Hide  in  =  hide  into. 

4.  Took  flight  =  intrusted  themselves  to  flight. 

5.  That  canton  which  killed  .  .  .  was  called  =  which  canton  killed 
.  .  .  that  was  called. 

6.  With  =s  in  which. 

7.  Those  of  the  state  =  public. 

13.  1.  To  have  a  thing  done  =  to  take  care  a  thing  to  be  done 
(gerundive). 

2.  The  latter  .  .  .  the  former  =  hie  .  .  .  Me. 

3.  Wish  them  to  =  shall  have  wished. 

4.  Use  ne  with  perfect  subjunctive. 

5.  Allow  the  place  to  take  =  allow  that  the  place  take. 

14.  1.  The  ...  the  =  by  which  ...  by  that. 

2.  Feel  indignant  =  bear  heavily. 

3.  To  be  afraid  of  =  wherefore  I  should  fear. 

4.  Without  Caesar's  consent  =  Caesar  being  unwilling. 

5.  Made  great  boasts  =  boasted  many  [things]. 

6.  See  note  13,  4. 

7.  Use  ablative. 

15.  1.  In  what  direction  =  into  what  parts.     Cf.  note  12,  2. 

2.  Them  =  whom. 

3.  Made  a  bolder  stand  =  stood  more  boldly. 

4.  Rear  of  our  line  =  our  newest  line. 

5.  From  annoying  =  lest  they  annoy. 

6.  The  front  of  our  line  =  our  first  line. 

16.  1.  Don't  =  be  unwilling  =  nolite. 

2.  We  must  use  =  it  behooves  us  to  use. 

3.  Use  utrum  .  .  .  an. 

4.  In  great  measure  =  from  great  part. 

17. .   1.  Even  Divitiacus  =  Divitiacus  himself. 
2.  See  note  15,  5. 


NOTES.  45 

3.  Ought  to  have  disclosed  =  ought[ed]  to  disclose.    Cf.  note  XT,  1. 

4.  What  went  on  =  what  [things]  were  done. 

18.  1.  With  the  greatest  freedom  =  most  freely. 

2.  Change  =  new  things. 

3.  To  have  the  highest  hopes  =  to  come  into  the  highest  hopes. 

4.  The  day  before  =pridie. 

19.  1.  See  note  13,  I. 

2.  Reason  enough  =  enough  of  cause. 

3.  Reason  for  doing  =  reason  wherefore  he  should  do. 

4.  Without  Caesar's  knowledge  =  Caesar  [being]  ignorant. 

5.  Use  injussu. 

6.  Confidence  in  you  in  all  respects  =  faith  of  all  things  to  you. 

7.  See  note  13,  2. 

8.  Use  apud. 

20.  1.  To  pass  too  severe  a  sentence  =  to  determine  a  heavier 
[thing]. 

2.  Feel  more  pain  =  take  more  of  pain. 

3.  Love  of  his  brother  =  fraternal  love. 

4.  Such  a  place  in  Caesar's  friendship  =  that  place  of  friendship 
with  Caesar. 

5.  See  note  8,  5. 

6.  The  result  of  this  will  be  =  from  which  thing  it  will  be. 

7.  Stop  =  make  an  end. 

8.  He  pardons,  etc.  =  he  condones  the  injury  .  .  .to  Divitiacus's 
wish. 

9.  All  grounds  of  suspicion  =  all  suspicions. 

21.  22.     1.  That  =  by  which. 

2.  Use  the  singular. 

3.  Directed   Labienus   to   make  =  directed  to   Labienus   that    he 
should  make. 

4.  Late  in  the  day  =  at  much  day. 

5.  At  the  usual  interval  =  at  which  interval  they  had  been  accus- 
tomed. 

23,  24.     1.  Supplies  must  be  provided  for  =  it  must  be  looked  for- 
ward to  supplies. 

2.  Half-way  up  the  hill  =  in  the  middle  hill. 

3.  Use  participle  (ablative  absolute)  and  verb,  instead  of  two  verbs. 

25.  1.  Ablative  absolute. 

2.  It  is  a  hindrance  =  it  is  for  a  hindrance. 

3.  That  =  because. 

26.  1.  To  withdraw  =  se  recipere. 


46  NOTES. 

2.  To  hurry  =  se  conferre. 

3.  The  back  of  an  enemy  =  a  turned  enemy. 

4.  Till  late  at  night  =  to  much  night.     Cf.  22,  4. 

5.  As  they  come  up  =  coming. 

6.  In  the  same  estimation  as  =  in  the  same  place  in  which. 

27.  1.  At  my  feet  =  to  the  feet  to  me. 

2.  With  tears  =  weeping. 

3.  To  flee  for  refuge  =fierfugio. 

4.  Afraid  that  Caesar  will  =  afraid  lest  Caesar  may. 

5.  If  we  give  up  our  weapons  =  weapons  having  been  given  up. 

6.  After  two  nights  have  passed  =  two  nights  having  been  omitted. 

7.  Let  us  leave  .  .  .  and  hasten  =  having  gone  out,  let  us  hasten. 

8.  They  gave  up   their  arms   and  were   punished  =  arms   having 
been  given  up,  they  were  affected  by  punishment. 

28.  1.  In  my  sight  =  to  me. 

2.  They  had  started  from  =  whence  they  had  set  out. 

3.  Since  they  have  lost  all  their  crops  =  all  crops  having  been  lost. 

4.  Wherewith  =  by  which. 

5.  To  furnish  them  with  a  supply  =  to  make  a  supply  to  them. 

6.  Doesn't  want  =  is  unwilling. 

7.  At  the  request  of  the  Boii  =  the  Boii  requesting. 

30.  1.  Ambassadors  from  =  ambassadors  of. 
2.  Satisfaction  =  punishments. 

.    3.  Injuries  done  to  the  Romans  =  injuries  of  the  Romans. 

4.  With  the  design  of  making  =  with  this  design  that  they  might 
make. 

5.  Place  in  Gaul  =  place  from  Gaul. 

6.  They  may  be  allowed  =  it  may  be  permitted  to  them. 

7.  Certain  requests  that  I  wish  to  make  of  you  =  certain  things 
which  I  wish  to  request  from  you. 

8.  Those  who  are  directed  to  do  so  =  to  whom  it  shall  have  been 
ordered. 

31.  1.  See  note  7,  8. 

2.  This,  request  is  granted  =  this  thing  has  been  gained. 

3.  To  be  put  to  torture  =  to  come  into  torture. 

4.  One  .  .  .  other  =  other.  .  .  other. 

5.  The  result  is  =  it  happens. 

6.  Having  lost  cavalry  =  cavalry  having  been  lost. 

7.  To  be  very  powerful  =  to  be  able  very  much.     Cf.  g,  2. 

8.  Refuse  to  be  =  refuse  by  which  less  we  may  be. 

9.  The  subjunctive  is  used  in  a  relative  clause  after  unns. 


NOTES.  47 

10.  As  soon  as  =  when  once. 

ii.  Children  of  all  the  nobles  =  children  of  each  most  noble  [man]. 

12.  Prevent  from  being  led  =  prevent  lest  [it]  be  led. 

13.  Inflict  punishment  on  =  take  punishment  from. 

14.  See  note  8,  8. 

32.  1.  To  make  a  speech  =  to  have  a  speech. 

2.  Sadly  =  sad 

3.  The  rest  of  us  =  we,  the  rest. 

4.  Conduct  =  thing. 

5.  Make  no  reply  =  reply  nothing. 

6.  We  must  endure  all  tortures  =  all  tortures  must  be  endured  by 
us  (dative). 

33.  1.  Put  a  stop  to  =  make  an  end  of. 

2.  It  was  Caesar's  care  =  it  was  for  a  care  to  Caesar. 

3.  Refrain  from  going  =  restrain  themselves  [dative]  but  that  they 
may  go. 

4.  See  note  8,  2. 

5.  These  dangers  must  be  thwarted  =  to  which  dangers  [it]  must 
be  thwarted. 

34.  1.  I  am  determined  =  it  pleases  me. 

2.  Matters   of  the   highest  importance   to   us  both  =  the  highest 
things  of  both. 

3.  If  I  had  needed  any  thing  of  you  =  if  there  had  been  any  need 
to  me  from  you. 

4.  If  you  want  any  thing  of  me  =  if  you  wish  me  any  thing. 

5.  Get  together  in  one  place  =  get  together  into  one  place. 

6.  What  business  have  you  =  what  of  business  is  there  to  you  ? 

35.  1.  Treated  with  great   kindness  by  me  =  affected  by  my  so 
great  kindness. 

2.  A  matter  of  general  interest  =  a  common  thing. 

3.  See  note  8,  2. 

4.  See  note  30,  3. 

36.  1.  Exercise  your  rights  =  use  your  right. 

2.  By  making  =  who  make. 

3.  Abide  by  that  =  remain  in  that. 

4.  Will  be  far  from  benefiting  you  =  will  be  far  away  from  you. 

37.  38.     1.  At  the  same  time  that  =  at  the  same  time  and. 

2.  We  must  hasten  =  [it]  must  be  hastened  by  us  (dative). 

3.  Unite  =  join  himself. 

4.  Resistance  can  not  be  made  =  [it]  can  not  be  resisted. 

5.  When  this  message  was  brought  =  when  this  was  announced. 


48  NOTES, 

6.  Caesar  must  take  precautions  =  it  must  be  taken  care  before- 
hand by  Caesar.     Cf.  2. 

7.  So  well  fortified  as  to  give  =  so  fortified  that  it  gives. 

39.  1.  For  supplies  =  for  the  sake  of  a  supply. 

2.  Had  frequent  encounters  with  =  frequently  encountered. 

3.  One  assigned  one  reason  and  another  another  =  another  assigned 
another  reason. 

4.  For  departing.     Depends  on  causa, 

5.  Use  participle. 

6.  To  advance  =  to  be  carried. 

40.  1.  Ought  to  inquire.     See  notes  37,  2  and  6. 

2.  See  note  2,  4. 

3.  Use  participle. 

4.  An  insurrection  of  slaves  =  a  servile  tumult. 

5.  In  some  degree  =  somewhat. 

6.  How  much  advantage  =  how  much  of  good. 

7.  See  note  3g,  2. 

8.  And  yet  they  =  who  nevertheless. 

9.  Use  participle. 

10.  By  that  method  for  which  =  for  which  method  ...  by  that. 

11.  Not  at  all  disturbed  at  your  saying  =  nothing  disturbed  because 
you  say. 

12.  Had  intended  to  =  was  about  to. 

41.  1.  We  will  be  the  first  to  =  we,  the  chief  [ones]  will. 

2.  Expressed  .  .  .  opinion  =  made  judgment. 

3.  Belonged  to  us  =  was  ours. 

42.  1.  As  far  as  I  am  concerned  =  through  me. 

2.  Refused  when  I  requested  it  =  denied  to  me  requesting. 

3.  See  note  18,  3. 

4.  That  .  .  .  no  =  lest  .  .  .  any. 

5.  On  any  other  terms  =  by  another  reason. 

43.  1.  Pretty  large  =  large  enough. 

2.  Reason  for  demanding  =  cause  of  demanding. 

3.  Have  existed  between  us  and  the  ^Eduans  =  have  come  between 
to  us  with  the  ^Eduans.  . 

4.  In  your  favor  =  towards  you. 

5.  It  was  their  custom  not  to  allow  = .  .  .  custom  that  they  should 
not  allow. 

44.  1.  On  being  asked  =  having  been  asked. 

2.  Which  have  been  =  having  been. 

3.  Make  a  second  trial  =  try  again. 


NOTES.  49 

4.  See  note  1. 

5.  I  ought  not  to  be  pardoned  =  it  ought  not  to  be  conceded  to  me. 

6.  As  not  to  know  =  that  I  do  not  know. 
45,  46.     1.  But  ....  on  them  =  on  whom. 

2.  To  enjoy  =  to  use. 

3.  The  legion  will  not  be  in  any  danger  =  it  will  be  without  any 
danger  of  the  legion. 

47.  1.  But  not  =  and  not  =  nor. 

2.  Keep  from  hurling  =  restrain  but  that  they  hurled. 

3.  See  note  43,  2. 

4.  Spoke  fluently  =  used  much  (adjective). 

5.  Them.     Use  relative. 

6.  When  I  attempted  =  attempting. 

48,  49.     i.  See  note  30,  4. 

2.  In  succession  =  continuous. 

3.  Use  participle. 

50,51.     1.  A  chance  to  fight  was  given  =  power  of  fighting  was 
made. 

2.  See  note  13,  2. 

33.  Advantageous  =  from  use. 

4.  Y\x\\=plenus. 

52.  I.  A  quaestor  over  each   legion  =  single   quaestors   to  single 
legions. 

2.  Freer  to  move  =  more  unimpeded. 

3.  As  a  relief  =  for  a  relief. 

4.  In  distress  =  laboring. 

53.  1.  Stop  fleeing  =  desist  to  flee. 

2.  If  you  rely  on  =  trusting  to. 

3.  Use  participle. 

4.  One  of  two  =  alter. 

5.  In  =  of. 


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